What happened in History on this date

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  Today is September the 5th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris.
• 1661 – Fall of Nicolas Fouquet: Louis XIV Superintendent of Finances is arrested in Nantes by D'Artagnan, captain of the king's musketeers.
• 1666 – Great Fire of London ends: 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral are destroyed, but only 6 people are known to have died.
• 1697 – War of the Grand Alliance : A French warship commanded by Captain Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville defeated an English squadron at the Battle of Hudson's Bay.
• 1698 – In an effort to Westernize his nobility, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards for all men except the clergy and peasantry.
• 1725 – Wedding of Louis XV and Maria Leszczyńska.
• 1774 – First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1781 – Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War : the British Navy is repelled by the French Navy, leading to the British surrender at Yorktown.
• 1793 – French Revolution the French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror.
• 1798 – Conscription is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan law.
• 1800 – Napoleon surrenders Malta to Great Britain.
• 1812 – War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Wayne begins when Chief Winamac's forces attack two soldiers returning from the fort's outhouses.
• 1816 – Louis XVIII has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber").
• 1836 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
• 1839 – United Kingdom declared First Opium War on the Qing Dynasty of China.
• 1840 – Premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's Un giorno di regno at La Scala of Milan.
• 1862 – American Civil War: the Potomac River is crossed at White's Ford in the Maryland Campaign.
• 1862 – James Glaisher, pioneering meteorologist and Henry Tracey Coxwell break world record for altitude whilst collecting data in their balloon.
• 1864 – Achille François Bazaine becomes Marshall of France.
• 1877 – American Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
• 1882 – The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
• 1887 – Fire at Theatre Royal in Exeter, England killed 186
• 1905 – Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, USA, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.
• 1906 – The first legal forward pass in American football is thrown by Bradbury Robinson of St. Louis University to teammate Jack Schneider in a 22–0 victory over Carroll College (Wisconsin).
• 1914 – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.
• 1915 – The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.
• 1918 – Decree "On Red Terror" is published in Russia
• 1927 – The first Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoon, Trolley Troubles, produced by Walt Disney, is released by Universal Pictures.
• 1932 – The French Upper Volta is broken apart between Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls.
• 1938 – Chile: A group of youths affiliated with the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile are assassinated in the Seguro Obrero massacre.
• 1941 – Whole territory of Estonia is occupied by Nazi Germany.
• 1942 – World War II: Japanese high command orders withdrawal at Milne Bay, first Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.
• 1943 – World War II: The 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment lands and occupies Nazdab, near Lae in the Salamaua-Lae campaign.
• 1944 – Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux.
• 1945 – Cold War: Igor Gouzenko, a Soviet Union embassy clerk, defects to Canada, exposing Soviet espionage in North America, signalling the beginning of the Cold War.
• 1945 – Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose, is arrested in Yokohama.
• 1948 – In France, Robert Schuman becomes President of the Council while being Foreign minister, As such, he is the negotiator of the major treaties of the end of World War II.
• 1957 – Cuba: Fulgencio Batista bombs the revolt in Cienfuegos.
• 1960 – The poet Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected as the first President of Senegal.
• 1960 – The boxer Muhammad Ali (then Cassius Clay) is awarded the gold medal for his first place in the light heavyweight boxing competition at the Olympic Games in Rome.
• 1961 – The first conference of the Non Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade.
• 1969 – My Lai Massacre: U.S. Army Lt. William Calley is charged with six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: Operation Jefferson Glenn begins: the United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thừa Thiên-Huế Province.
• 1972 – Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called "Black September" attack and take hostage 11 Israel athletes at the Munich Olympic Games. 2 die in the attack and 9 die the following day.
• 1975 – Sacramento, California: Lynette Fromme attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.
• 1977 – Hanns Martin Schleyer, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany by the Red Army Faction and is later murdered.
• 1977 – Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.
• 1978 – Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin peace process at Camp David, Maryland.
• 1980 – The St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.224 km) stretching from Göschenen to Airolo.
• 1984 – STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery lands after its maiden voyage.
• 1984 – Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment.
• 1986 – Pan Am Flight 73 with 358 people on board is hijacked at Karachi International Airport.
• 1991 – The current international treaty defending indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, came into force.
• 2005 – Mandala Airlines Flight 091 crashes into a heavily populated residential of Sumatra, Indonesia, killing 104 people on board and at least 39 persons on ground.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  Today is September the 6th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 3114 BC – According to the proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started. (Non-standard interpretation)
• 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast.
• 1492 – Christopher Columbus sails from La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic for the first time.
• 1522 – The Victoria, the only surviving ship of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain, becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the world.
• 1620 – The Pilgrims sail from Plymouth, England, on the Mayflower to settle in North America. (Old Style date; September 16 per New Style date.)
• 1628 – Puritans settle Salem, which will later become part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1634 – Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nördlingen the Catholic Imperial army defeats Protestant armies of Sweden and Germany.
• 1781 – The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting a British victory.
• 1847 – Henry David Thoreau leaves Walden Pond and moves in with Ralph Waldo Emerson and his family in Concord, Massachusetts.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control of the mouth of the Tennessee River.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
• 1870 – Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
• 1885 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria. The Unification of Bulgaria is accomplished.
• 1888 – Charles Turner becomes the first bowler to take 250 wickets in an English season – a feat since accomplished only by Tom Richardson (twice), J.T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times).
• 1901 – Anarchist Leon Czolgosz shoots and fatally wounds US President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
• 1930 – Democratically elected Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen is deposed in a military coup.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The start of the Battle of El Mazuco.
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Barking Creek.
• 1939 – World War II: South Africa declares war on Germany.
• 1940 – King Carol II of Romania abdicates and is succeeded by his son Michael.
• 1943 – The Monterrey Institute of Technology, one of the largest and most influential private universities in Latin America, is founded in Monterrey, Mexico.
• 1943 – The Pennsylvania Railroad's premier train derails at Frankford Junction in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, killing 79 people and injuring 117 others.
• 1944 – World War II: The city of Ypres, Belgium is liberated by allied forces.
• 1944 – World War II: Soviet forces capture the city of Tartu, Estonia.
• 1946 – United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes announces that with regard to postwar Germany, the U.S. will from thereon follow a policy of economic reconstruction.
• 1948 – Juliana becomes Queen of the Netherlands.
• 1949 – Allied military authorities relinquish control of former Nazi Germany assets back to German control.
• 1949 – A former sharpshooter in World War II, Howard Unruh kills 13 neighbors in Camden, New Jersey, with a souvenir Luger to become the first U.S. single-episode mass murderer.
• 1952 – Canada's first television station, CBFT-TV, opens in Montreal.
• 1952 – A prototype aircraft crashes at the Farnborough Airshow in Hampshire, England, killing 29 spectators and the two on board.
• 1955 – Istanbul's Greek and Armenian minority are the target of a government-sponsored pogrom.
• 1962 – Archaeologist Peter Marsden discovers the first of the Blackfriars Ships dating back to the 2nd century AD in the Blackfriars area of the banks of the River Thames in London.
• 1963 – The Centre for International Industrial Property Studies (CEIPI) is founded.
• 1965 – War of 1965: India retaliates following Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam which resulted in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 that ends in a stalemate and follows the signing of the Tashkent Declaration.
• 1966 – In Cape Town, South Africa, the architect of Apartheid, Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, is stabbed to death during a parliamentary meeting.
• 1968 – Swaziland becomes independent.
• 1970 – Two passenger jets bound from Europe to New York are simultaneously hijacked by Palestinian terrorist members of PFLP and taken to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1972 – Munich Massacre: 9 Israel athletes taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games by the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group died (as did a German policeman) at the hands of the kidnappers during a failed rescue attempt. 2 other Israeli athletes are slain in the initial attack the previous day.
• 1976 – Cold War: Soviet air force pilot Lt. Viktor Belenko lands a MiG-25 jet fighter at Hakodate on the island of Hokkaidō in Japan and requests political asylum in the United States.
• 1983 – The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean Air Flight KAL-007, stating that the pilots did not know it was a civilian aircraft when it violated Soviet airspace.
• 1985 – Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9 crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
• 1986 – In Istanbul, two terrorists from Abu Nidal's organization kill 22 and wound six inside the Neve Shalom synagogue during Shabbat services.
• 1991 – The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
• 1991 – The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second largest city, which had been renamed Leningrad in 1924.
• 1992 – Hunters discover the emaciated body of Christopher Johnson McCandless at his camp 20 miles (32 km) west of the town of Healy, Alaska.
• 1995 – Cal Ripken Jr of the Baltimore Orioles plays in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking a record that stood for 56 years.
• 1997 – Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in London. Over a million people lined the streets and 2.5 billion watched around the world on television.
• 2008 – Turkish President Abdullah Gül attends an association football match in Armenia after an invitation by Armenian President Serzh Sarkisyan; he is the first Turkish head of state to visit the country.
• 2009 – The ro-ro ferry SuperFerry 9 sinks off the Zamboanga Peninsula in the Philippines with 971 persons aboard; all but ten are rescued.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  It is September the 7th!  Here is today in history.

 

 

• 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
• 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf – Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf.
• 1228 – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II landed in Acre, Palestine and started the Sixth Crusade, which resulted in a peaceful restitution of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• 1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
• 1652 – Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan.
• 1695 – Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end to all English trading in India.
• 1776 – According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in New York Harbor (no British records of this attack exist).
• 1812 – French invasion of Russia : The Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought near Moscow and resulted in a French victory.
• 1818 – Carl III of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
• 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia, is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
• 1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens.
• 1893 – The Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, to become one of the oldest Italian football clubs, is established by British expats.
• 1895 – The first game of what would become known as rugby league football is played, in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.
• 1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.
• 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France for the first time successfully.
• 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.
• 1909 – Eugene Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first 'pilot' in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.
• 1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum.
• 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751)
• 1920 – Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en-route to Finland where they would serve with the Suomen Ilmavoimat, killing both crews.
• 1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held.
• 1921 – The Legion of Mary, the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the Catholic Church, is founded in Dublin, Ireland.
• 1922 – In Aydin, Turkey, independence of Aydin, from Greek occupation.
• 1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Taylor Farnsworth.
• 1929 – Steamer Kuru capsizes and sinks on Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere in Finland. 136 lives are lost.
• 1936 – The last surviving member of the thylacine species, Benjamin, dies alone in her cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
• 1940 – Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
• 1942 – First flight of the Consolidated B-32 Dominator.
• 1942 – Australian and US forces inflict a significant defeat upon the Japanese at the Battle of Milne Bay.
• 1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas, kills 55 people.
• 1943 – World War II: The German 17th Army begins its evacuation of the Kuban River bridgehead (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea.
• 1945 – Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December of 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines.
• 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members.
• 1965 – China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula.
• 1970 – Fighting between Arab guerrillas and government forces in Amman, Jordan.
• 1970 – Bill Shoemaker sets record for most lifetime wins as a jockey (passing Johnny Longden).
• 1977 – The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
• 1977 – The 300 metre tall CKVR-DT transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed.
• 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella.
• 1979 – The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, better known as ESPN, makes its debut.
• 1979 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for USD $1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy.
• 1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
• 1986 – Gen. Augusto Pinochet, president of Chile, escapes attempted assassination.
• 1988 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan in space, returns aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz TM-5 after 9 days on the Mir space station.
• 1996 – American Hip-Hop star Tupac Shakur is fatally shot four times on the Las Vegas strip after leaving the Tyson-Seldon boxing match.
• 1999 – A 5.9 magnitude earthquake rocks Athens, rupturing a previously unknown fault, killing 143, injuring more than 500, and leaving 50,000 people homeless.
• 2004 – Hurricane Ivan, a Category 5 hurricane hits Grenada, killing 39 and damaging 90% of its buildings.
• 2005 – Egypt holds its first-ever multi-party presidential election.
• 2008 – The US Government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
• 2010 – A Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats in disputed waters near the islands. The collisions occurred around 10am, after the Japanese Coast Guard ordered the trawler to leave the area. After the collisions, Japanese sailors boarded the Chinese vessel and arrested the captain, Zhan Qixiong.
• 2011 – A plane crash in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Kontinental Hockey League team.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 8th.  Here is today in history.

 

 

 

 

• 70 – Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem.
• 1264 – The Statute of Kalisz, guaranteeing Jews safety and personal liberties and giving battei din jurisdiction over Jewish matters, is promulgated by Boleslaus the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland.
• 1331 – Stephen Uroš IV Dušan declares himself king of Serbia
• 1380 – Battle of Kulikovo – Russian forces defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols, stopping their advance.
• 1504 – Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Florence.
• 1514 – Battle of Orsha – in one of the biggest battles of the century, Lithuanians and Poles defeat the Russian army.
• 1551 – The foundation day in Vitória, Brazil
• 1565 – The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish siege of Malta that began on May 18.
• 1655 – Warsaw falls without resistance to a small force under the command of Charles X Gustav of Sweden during The Deluge, making it the first time the city is captured by a foreign army.
• 1727 – A barn fire during a puppet show in the village of Burwell in Cambridgeshire, England kills 78 people, many of whom are children.
• 1755 – French and Indian War: Battle of Lake George.
• 1756 – French and Indian War: Kittanning Expedition.
• 1761 – Marriage of King George III of the United Kingdom to Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
• 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Hondschoote.
• 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Bassano – French forces defeat Austrian troops at Bassano del Grappa.
• 1810 – The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town of Astoria, Oregon.
• 1831 – William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1860 – The Steamship Lady Elgin sinks on Lake Michigan, with the loss of around 300 lives.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Sabine Pass – on the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas.
• 1883 – The Northern Pacific Railway (reporting mark NP) was completed in a ceremony at Gold Creek, Montana. Former president Ulysses S. Grant drove in the final "golden spike" in an event attended by rail and political luminaries.
• 1888 – In London, the body of Jack the Ripper's second murder victim, Annie Chapman, is found.
• 1888 – In England the first six Football League matches are played.
• 1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited.
• 1900 – Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
• 1914 – World War I: Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during the war.
• 1921 – 16-year-old Margaret Gorman wins the Atlantic City Pageant's Golden Mermaid trophy; pageant officials later dubbed her the first Miss America.
• 1923 – Honda Point Disaster: nine US Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast. Seven are lost, and twenty-three sailors killed.
• 1926 – Germany is admitted to the League of Nations.
• 1930 – 3M begins marketing Scotch transparent tape.
• 1934 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 135 people.
• 1935 – US Senator from Louisiana, Huey Long, nicknamed "Kingfish", is fatally shot in the Louisiana capitol building.
• 1941 – World War II: Siege of Leningrad begins. German forces begin a siege against the Soviet Union's second-largest city, Leningrad.
• 1943 – World War II: The O.B.S. (German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone) in Frascati is bombed by USAAF.
• 1943 – World War II: United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower publicly announces the Allied armistice with Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: London is hit by a V-2 rocket for the first time.
• 1944 – World War II: Menton is liberated from Germany.
• 1945 – Cold War: United States troops arrive to partition the southern part of Korea in response to Soviet troops occupying the northern part of the peninsula a month earlier.
• 1951 – Treaty of San Francisco: In San Francisco, California, 48 nations sign a peace treaty with Japan in formal recognition of the end of the Pacific War.
• 1952 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation makes its first televised broadcast on the second escape of the Boyd Gang.
• 1954 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is established.
• 1959 – The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) is established.
• 1960 – In Huntsville, Alabama, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA had already activated the facility on July 1).
• 1962 – Newly independent Algeria, by referendum, adopts a constitution.
• 1962 – Last run of the famous Pines Express over the Somerset and Dorset Railway line (UK) fittingly using the last steam locomotive built by British Railways, 9F locomotive 92220 Evening Star.
• 1965 – Pakistan Navy raids Indian coasts without any resistance in Operation Dwarka, Pakistan celebrates Victory Day annually.
• 1966 – The Severn Bridge is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II.
• 1966 – The first Star Trek series premieres on NBC.
• 1967 – The formal end of steam traction in the North East of England by British Railways.
• 1971 – In Washington, D.C., the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is inaugurated, with the opening feature being the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass.
• 1974 – Watergate Scandal: US President Gerald Ford pardons former President Richard Nixon for any crimes Nixon may have committed while in office.
• 1975 – Gays in the military: US Air Force Tech Sergeant Leonard Matlovich, a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War, appears in his Air Force uniform on the cover of Time magazine with the headline "I Am A Homosexual". He is given a general discharge, which was later upgraded to honorable.
• 1988 – Yellowstone National Park is closed for the first time in U.S. history due to ongoing fires.
• 1991 – The Republic of Macedonia becomes independent.
• 1994 – USAir Flight 427, on approach to Pittsburgh International Airport, suddenly crashes in clear weather killing all 132 aboard; resulting in the most extensive aviation investigation in world history and altering manufacturing practices in the industry.
• 2004 – NASA's unmanned spacecraft Genesis crash-lands when its parachute fails to open.
• 2005 – Two EMERCOM Il-76 aircraft land at a disaster aid staging area at Little Rock Air Force Base; the first time Russia has flown such a mission to North America.

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 9th.  Here is today in history!

 

 

• 9 – Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and annihilates three Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans I succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
• 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
• 1379 – Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
• 1493 – Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden Field, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1561 – The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy at Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants.
• 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names its new union of sovereign states the United States.
• 1791 – Washington, D.C., the capitol of the United States, is named after President George Washington.
• 1801 – Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
• 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1855 – Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol comes to an end when Russian forces abandon the city.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1886 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is finalized.
• 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922 – The Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 effectively ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks in Smyrna.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
• 1924 – Hanapepe Massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1926 – The U.S. National Broadcasting Company is formed.
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest-defended pocket of Polish Army resistance during the German invasion of Poland.
• 1939 – Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.
• 1940 – George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary bombs on Oregon.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
• 1945 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 – First actual case of a computer bug being found: a moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948 – Kim Il-sung declares the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 – The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10–12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to top $1 billion in unadjusted damages.
• 1966 – The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 DC-9 collides in flight with a Piper PA-28 and crashes near Fairland, Indiana.
• 1969 – In Canada, the Official Languages Act comes into force, making the French language equal to the English language throughout the Federal government.
• 1970 – A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971 – The four-day Attica Prison riot begins, which eventually results in 39 dead, most killed by state troopers retaking the prison.
• 1972 – In Kentucky's Mammoth Cave National Park, a Cave Research Foundation exploration and mapping team discovers a link between the Mammoth and Flint Ridge cave systems, making it the longest known cave passageway in the world.
• 1990 – 1990 Batticaloa massacre, massacre of 184 minority Tamil civilians by Sri Lankan Army in the eastern Batticaloa District of Sri Lanka.
• 1991 – Tajikstan gains independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 – The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 1995 – The debut of the Sony Playstation.
• 1999 – The beginning of the Y2K bug, the debut of the Dreamcast, and the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards.
• 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.
• 2001 – Pärnu methanol tragedy occurs in Pärnu County, Estonia.
• 2001 – At exactly 01:46:40 UTC, the Unix billenium is reached, marking the beginning of the use of 10-digit decimal Unix timestamps.
• 2004 – 2004 Australian embassy bombing: A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, killing 10 people.
• 2009 – At exactly 9:09:09 PM, the Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, is ceremonially inaugurated.
• 2010 – A natural gas pipeline explosion in San Bruno, California, creates a "wall of fire" more than 1,000 feet (300 m) high.

 

 

 

Peace!

[Madelaine McMasters]

9-9-2012    Seventy two years to the day after George Stibitz first demonstrated the control of a digital computer from a remote location, he rolls over in his grave after getting a glimpse of SL from the great beyond.

9-9-2012    NASA collects a $1 Million bounty from Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flint after e-mailing him high resolution images of Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney's tax returns, which were discovered on the surface of Mars by the Curiosity rover.

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 10th.  Here is today in history.

 

• 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
• 1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
• 1509 – An earthquake known as "The Lesser Judgment Day" hits Constantinople.
• 1515 – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal
• 1547 – The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the last full scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.
• 1561 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima – Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
• 1570 – Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacán Mission.
• 1608 – John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy for the Continental Army.
• 1798 – At the Battle of St. George's Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain.
• 1813 – The United States defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
• 1823 – Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru.
• 1846 – Elias Howe is granted a patent for the sewing machine.
• 1858 – George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora.
• 1897 – Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 20 unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania, United States.
• 1898 – Empress Elizabeth of Austria is assassinated by Luigi Lucheni.
• 1918 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures Kazan.
• 1919 – Austria and the Allies sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain recognizing the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
• 1932 – The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally-owned IND, is opened.
• 1937 – Nine nations attend the Nyon Conference to address international piracy in the Mediterranean Sea.
• 1939 – World War II: The submarine HMS Oxley is mistakenly sunk by the submarine HMS Triton near Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss.
• 1939 – World War II: Canada declares war on Nazi Germany, joining the Allies – France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia.
• 1942 – World War II: The British Army carries out an amphibious landing on Madagascar to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign.
• 1943 – World War II: German forces begin their occupation of Rome.
• 1946 – While riding a train to Darjeeling, Sister Teresa Bojaxhiu of the Loreto Sisters' Convent claimed to have heard the call of God, directing her "to leave the convent and help the poor while living among them". She would become known as Mother Teresa.
• 1960 – At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Abebe Bikila becomes the first sub-Saharan African to win a gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet.
• 1961 – Italian Grand Prix, a crash causes the death of German Formula One driver Wolfgang von Trips and 13 spectators who are hit by his Ferrari.
• 1963 – 20 African-American students enter public schools in Alabama.
• 1967 – The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain.
• 1972 – The United States suffers its first loss of an international basketball game in a disputed match against the Soviet Union at Munich, Germany.
• 1974 – Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal.
• 1976 – A British Airways Hawker Siddeley Trident and an Inex-Adria DC-9 collide near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 176.
• 1977 – Hamida Djandoubi, convicted of torture and murder, is the last person to be executed by guillotine in France.
• 1990 – The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa is consecrated by Pope John Paul II.
• 2001 – Charles Ingram cheats his way into winning one million pounds on a British version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire.
• 2001 – Antonio da Costa Santos, mayor of Campinas, Brazil is assassinated.
• 2002 – Switzerland, traditionally a neutral country, joins the United Nations.
• 2003 – Anna Lindh, the foreign minister of Sweden, is fatally stabbed while shopping, and dies the following day.
• 2007 – Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif returns to Pakistan after seven years in exile, following a military coup in October 1999.
• 2008 – The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, described as the biggest scientific experiment in history is powered up in Geneva, Switzerland.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 11th!  Here is today in history.  A special rememberence of what happened in 2001.

 

• 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
• 1185 – Isaac II Angelus kills Stephanus Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronicus I Comnenus and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1226 – The Roman Catholic practice of public adoration of the Blessed Sacrament outside of Mass spreads from monasteries to parishes.
• 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly-led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English.
• 1390 – Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392): the Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius.
• 1526 – The Ottoman army occupies Buda after the crushing Hungarian defeat in the Battle of Mohács.
• 1541 – Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonko.
• 1565 – Ottoman forces retreat from Malta, End of the Great Siege of Malta.
• 1609 – Expulsion order announced against the Moriscos of Valencia; beginning of the expulsion of all Spain's Moriscos.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there.
• 1649 – Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.
• 1683 – Battle of Vienna.
• 1697 – Battle of Zenta.
• 1708 – Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish empire ceases to be a major power.
• 1709 – Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France.
• 1714 – Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
• 1758 – Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the Seven Years' War.
• 1775 – Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• 1776 – British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War.
• 1777 – American Revolution: Battle of Brandywine – The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
• 1786 – The Beginning of the Annapolis Convention.
• 1789 – Alexander Hamilton is appointed the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.
• 1792 – The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house used to store them.
• 1802 – France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
• 1803 – Battle of Delhi, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, between British troops under General Lake, and Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin.
• 1813 – War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington D.C..
• 1814 – War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war.
• 1829 – Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown in order to retake Mexico, This was the final consummation of Mexican independence.
• 1847 – Stephen Foster's well-known song, Oh! Susanna, is first performed at a saloon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• 1852 – The State of Buenos Aires secedes from the Argentine Federal government, rejoining on 17 September 17, 1861. Several places are named Once de Septiembre after this event.
• 1857 – The Mountain Meadows Massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
• 1897 – After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
• 1903 – The first race at The Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin is held. It is the oldest major speedway in the world.
• 1914 – Australia invades New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka.
• 1916 – The Quebec Bridge's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge initially collapsed in toto on August 29, 1907.
• 1919 – U.S. Marines invade Honduras.
• 1921 – Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan to colonize Palestine and creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel.
• 1922 – The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.
• 1922 – One of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia's predecessor papers The Sun News-Pictorial is founded.
• 1931 – Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Charles Luciano's hitmen.
• 1932 – Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish Challenge 1932 winners, are killed when their RWD 6 airplane crashes during a storm.
• 1939 – World War II: Canada declares war on Germany, the country's first independent declaration of war
• 1940 – George Stibitz performs the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1941 – Ground is broken for the construction of The Pentagon.
• 1941 – Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines Speech accusing the British, Jews and the Roosevelt administration of pressing for war with Germany.
• 1943 – World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija.
• 1943 – World War II: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
• 1944 – World War II: The first Allied troops of the U.S. Army cross the western border of Germany.
• 1944 – World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500.
• 1945 – World War II: Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo.
• 1954 – Hurricane Edna hits New England as a Category 3 hurricane, causing significant damage and 29 deaths.
• 1961 – Foundation of the World Wildlife Fund.
• 1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state.
• 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Army captures the town of Burki, just southeast of Lahore.
• 1968 – Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and 6 crew.
• 1970 – The Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25.
• 1971 – The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
• 1972 – The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system has its opening day of passenger service.
• 1973 – A coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990.
• 1974 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew.
• 1976 – A group of Croatian nationalists planted a bomb in a coin locker at Grand Central Terminal. After stating political demands, they revealed the location and provided instructions for disarming the bomb. The disarming operation was not executed properly, killing one NYPD bomb squad specialist.
• 1978 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel meet at Camp David and agree on the Camp David Accords a framework for peace between Israel and Egypt and a comprehensive peace in the Middle East.
• 1980 – Voters approve a new Constitution of Chile, later amended after the departure of president Picochet.
• 1982 – The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps.
• 1985 – Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record for most career hits with his 4,192nd hit
• 1988 – The St Jean Bosco massacre takes place in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
• 1989 – Hungary announces that the East German refugees who had been housed in temporary camps were free to leave for West Germany.
• 1992 – Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Oahu.
• 1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.
• 1997 – After a nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom.
• 1997 – 14 Estonian soldiers die in the Kurkse tragedy, drowning in the Baltic Sea
• 1998 – Opening ceremony for the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia is the first Asian country to host the games.
• 2000 – Melbourne hosts World Economic Forum where S11 protests also took place.
• 2001 – In the USA three hijacked aircraft are deliberately crashed into the twin World Trade Center towers (which collapse) in New York City and the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, in a co-ordinated attack which became known as "9/11". Another hijacked airliner in the same attack crashes in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people are killed.
• 2003 – Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Lindh dies at Karolinska University Hospital, age 47, following the knife attack against her the preceding day.
• 2004 – All passengers are killed when a helicopter crashes in the Aegean Sea. Passengers include Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria and 16 others, including journalists and bishops of the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria.
• 2007 – Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of all bombs.

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Ceka Cianci]

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  Today is September the 12th.  Here is today in history.

 

 

• 490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies, defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.
• 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father Jin Jianwendi as Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
• 1213 – Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.
• 1229 – The Aragonese army under the command of James I of Aragon disembarks at Santa Ponça, Majorca, with the purpose of conquering the island.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.
• 1683 – Austro-Ottoman War: Battle of Vienna – several European armies join forces to defeat the Ottoman Empire.
• 1814 – Battle of North Point: an American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.
• 1846 – Elizabeth Barrett elopes with Robert Browning.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: the Battle of Chapultepec begins.
• 1848 – Switzerland becomes a Federal state.
• 1857 – The SS Central America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the San Francisco Gold Rush.
• 1874 – The District of Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada is founded.
• 1885 – Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, a world record scoreline in professional football.
• 1890 – Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.
• 1897 – Tirah Campaign: Battle of Saragarhi.
• 1906 – The Newport Transporter Bridge is opened in Newport, South Wales by Viscount Tredegar.
• 1910 – Premiere performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler's rehearsal assistant conductor was Bruno Walter)
• 1919 – Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers Party.
• 1930 – Wilfred Rhodes ends his 1110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians.
• 1933 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
• 1938 – Adolf Hitler demands autonomy and self-determination for the Germans of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
• 1940 – Cave paintings are discovered in Lascaux, France.
• 1940 – An explosion at the Hercules Powder Company plant in Kenvil, New Jersey kills 51 people and injures over 200.
• 1942 – World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.
• 1942 – World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces.
• 1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is rescued from house arrest on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzi, by German commando forces led by Otto Skorzeny.
• 1944 – World War II: The liberation of Serbia from Nazi Germany and the Chetniks continues. Bajina Bašta in western Serbia is among those liberated cities. Near Trier, American troops enter Germany for the first time.
• 1948 – Invasion of the State of Hyderabad by the Indian Army on the day after the Pakistani leader Jinnah's death.
• 1952 – Strange occurrences, including a monster sighting, take place in Flatwoods, West Virginia.
• 1953 – U.S. Representative John Fitzgerald Kennedy marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier at St. Mary's Church in Newport, Rhode Island.
• 1958 – Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit.
• 1959 – Premiere of Bonanza, the first regularly scheduled TV program presented in color.
• 1959 – The Soviet Union launches a large rocket, Lunik II, at the moon.
• 1961 – The African and Malagasy Union is founded.
• 1964 – Canyonlands National Park is designated as a National Park.
• 1966 – Gemini 11, the penultimate mission of NASA's Gemini program, and the current human altitude record holder (except for the Apollo lunar missions)
• 1970 – Palestinian terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in Jordan, continuing to hold the passengers hostage in various undisclosed locations in Amman.
• 1974 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, 'Messiah' of the Rastafari movement, is deposed following a military coup by the Derg, ending a reign of 58 years.
• 1974 – Juventude Africana Amilcar Cabral is founded in Guinea-Bissau.
• 1977 – South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko is killed in police custody.
• 1979 – Indonesia is hit with an earthquake that measures 8.1 on the Richter scale.
• 1980 – Military coup in Turkey.
• 1983 – A Wells Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by Los Macheteros.
• 1983 – The USSR vetoes a UN Security Council Resolution deploring the Soviet shooting down of a Korean civilian jetliner on September 1.
• 1984 – Dwight Gooden sets the baseball record for strikeouts in a season by a rookie with 246, previously set by Herb Score in 1954. Gooden's 276 strikeouts that season, pitched in 218 innings, set the current record.
• 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert devastates Jamaica; it turns towards Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula 2 days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.
• 1990 – The two German states and the Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany in Moscow, paving the way for German re-unification.
• 1992 – NASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-47 which marked the 50th shuttle mission. On board are Mae Carol Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly in a US spaceship, and Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space.
• 1992 – Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path, is captured by Peruvian special forces; shortly thereafter the rest of Shining Path's leadership fell as well.
• 1994 – Frank Eugene Corder crashes a single-engine Cessna 150 into the White House's south lawn, striking the West wing and killing himself.
• 1999 – Indonesia announces it will allow international peace-keepers into East Timor.
• 2001 – Ansett Australia, Australia's first commercial interstate airline, collapses due to increased strain on the international airline industry, leaving 10,000 people unemployed.
• 2003 – The United Nations lifts sanctions against Libya after that country agreed to accept responsibility and recompense the families of victims in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
• 2003 – In Fallujah, US forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers.
• 2005 – Hong Kong Disneyland opens in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.
• 2007 – Former Philippine President Joseph Estrada is convicted of the crime of plunder.
• 2008 – The 2008 Chatsworth train collision in Los Angeles between a Metrolink commuter train and a Union Pacific freight train kills 25 people.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 13th.  Here is today in history.

 

 

• 313 – The Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, is posted in Nicomedia.
• 1373 – Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which is still in force.
• 1381 – The Peasants Revolt led by Wat Tyler culminated in the burning of the Savoy Palace.
• 1525 – Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns.
• 1625 – King Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France, Princess of France
• 1740 – Georgia provincial governor James Oglethorpe begins an unsuccessful attempt to take Spanish Florida during the Siege of St. Augustine.
• 1774 – Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.
• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.
• 1805 – Lewis and Clark Expedition: scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River.
• 1881 – The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
• 1886 – A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.
• 1886 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria is found dead in Lake Starnberg south of Munich at 11:30 PM.
• 1893 – Grover Cleveland undergoes secret, successful surgery to remove a large, cancerous portion of his jaw; operation not revealed to US public until 1917, nine years after the president's death.
• 1898 – Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
• 1910 – The University of the Philippines College of Engineering is established. This unit of the university is said to be the largest degree granting unit in the Philippines.
• 1917 – World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.
• 1927 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a ticker-tape parade down 5th Avenue in New York City.
• 1934 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet in Venice, Italy; Mussolini later describes the German dictator as "a silly little monkey".
• 1944 – World War II: German combat elements - reinforced by the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division - launch a counterattack on American forces near Carentan.
• 1944 – World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets.
• 1952 – Catalina affair: a Swedish Douglas DC-3 is shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 fighter.
• 1955 – Mir Mine, the first diamond mine in the USSR, is discovered.
• 1966 – The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.
• 1967 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
• 1969 – Governor of Texas Preston Smith signs a bill into law converting the former Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, originally founded as a research arm of Texas Instruments, into the University of Texas at Dallas.
• 1970 – "The Long and Winding Road" becomes the Beatles' last US Number 1 song.
• 1971 – Vietnam War: The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers.
• 1977 – Convicted Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray is recaptured after escaping from prison three days before.
• 1978 – Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon.
• 1981 – At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, a teenager, Marcus Sarjeant, fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.
• 1982 – Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.
• 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the central Solar System when it passes beyond the orbit of Neptune (the furthest planet from the Sun at the time).
• 1994 – A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazelwood for the Exxon Valdez disaster, allowing victims of the oil spill to seek $15 billion in damages.

• 1996 – The Montana Freemen surrender after an 81-day standoff with FBI agents.
• 1997 – A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
• 1997 – Uphaar cinema fire, in New Delhi, India, killed 59 people, and over 100 people injured.
• 2000 – President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.
• 2000 – Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish gunman who tried to kill Pope John Paul II in 1981.
• 2002 – The United States withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
• 2002 – Two 14-year-old South Korean girls are struck and killed by a United States Army armored vehicle, leading to months of public protests against the US.
• 2005 – A jury in Santa Maria, California acquits pop singer Michael Jackson of molesting 13-year-old Gavin Arvizo at his Neverland Ranch.
• 2007 – The Al Askari Mosque is bombed for a second time.
• 2010 – A capsule of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa, containing particles of the asteroid 25143 Itokawa, returns to Earth.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  It is September the 14th.  Here is today in history!

 

 

• 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
• 786 – "Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun.
• 1180 – Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan.
• 1607 – Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland.
• 1682 – Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded.
• 1741 – George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah
• 1752 – The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).
• 1808 – Finnish War: Russians defeat the Swedes in the bloody Battle of Oravais.
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.
• 1814 – The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner.
• 1829 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.
• 1846 – Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.
• 1901 – President of the United States William McKinley dies after an assassination attempt on September 6, and is succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt.
• 1917 – Russia is officially proclaimed a republic.
• 1923 – Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.
• 1939 – World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzeł in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.
• 1944 – World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces.
• 1954 – In a top secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40 kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village.
• 1958 – The first two German post-war rockets, designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.
• 1959 – The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.
• 1960 – The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.
• 1960 – Congo Crisis: With CIA help, Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.
• 1969 – The US Selective Service selects September 14 as the First Draft Lottery Date.
• 1975 – The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.
• 1979 – Afghan President Nur Muhammad Taraki is assassinated upon the order of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes the new president.
• 1982 – President-elect of Lebanon, Bachir Gemayel, is assassinated.
• 1984 – Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a gas balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1985 – Penang Bridge, the longest bridge in Malaysia, connecting the island of Penang to the mainland, opens to traffic.
• 1987 – The Toronto Blue Jays set a record for the most home runs in a single game, hitting 10 of them.
• 1992 – The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the breakaway Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to be illegal.
• 1994 – The Major League Baseball season is canceled because of a strike.
• 1995 – Body Worlds opens in Tokyo, Japan
• 1998 – Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.
• 1999 – Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.
• 2000 – Microsoft releases Windows Me.
• 2001 – Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.
• 2003 – In a referendum, Estonia approves joining the European Union.
• 2007 – Late-2000s financial crisis: The Northern Rock bank experiences the first bank run in the United Kingdom in 150 years.
• 2008 – All 88 people on board Aeroflot Flight 821 are killed when the plane crashes on approach to Perm Airport.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Perrie Juran]

 

---

Hippie Bowman wrote:

Good morning!  It is September the 14th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 2007
  –
  Late-2000s financial crisis
  : The
  Northern Rock
  bank experiences the first
  bank run
  in the United Kingdom in 150 years.

 Peace!

---

The true story behind the Bank Run.

 

[Hippie Bowman]

---

Perrie Juran wrote:

 

---

Hippie Bowman wrote:

Good morning!  It is September the 14th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 2007
  –
  Late-2000s financial crisis
  : The
  Northern Rock
  bank experiences the first
  bank run
  in the United Kingdom in 150 years.

 Peace!

---

 

The true story behind the Bank Run.

 

---

 

LOL!  Thanks for sharing that Perrie.

 

 

 

Peace!

[Madelaine McMasters]

9-14-1999    Kiribati joins the United Nations, but only after explaining how they got the International Date line to zig-zag around them the way it does.

9-14-2000   Microsoft releases Windows Me, which is widely mistaken for malware.

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 15th.  Here is today in history!

 

 

• 668 – Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse, Italy.
• 921 – At Tetin Saint Ludmila is murdered at the command of her daughter-in-law.
• 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes.
• 1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
• 1556 – Departing from Vlissingen, ex-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returns to Spain.
• 1616 – The first non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened in Frascati, Italy.
• 1762 – Seven Years War: Battle of Signal Hill.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: British forces land at Kip's Bay during the New York Campaign.
• 1789 – The United States Department of State is established (formerly known as the "Department of Foreign Affairs").
• 1812 – The French army under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.
• 1812 – War of 1812: A second supply train sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.
• 1816 – HMS Whiting ran aground on the Doom Bar
• 1820 – Constitutionalist revolution in Lisbon, Portugal.
• 1821 – Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica jointly declare independence from Spain.
• 1830 – The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens.
• 1831 – The locomotive John Bull operates for the first time in New Jersey on the Camden and Amboy Railroad.
• 1835 – HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galápagos Islands. The ship lands at Chatham or San Cristobal, the easternmost of the archipielago.
• 1851 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
• 1873 – Franco-Prussian War: The last German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.
• 1894 – First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China in the Battle of Pyongyang.
• 1916 – World War I: Tanks are used for the first time in battle, at the Battle of the Somme.
• 1935 – India's first all-boys public school, The Doon School, was founded.
• 1935 – The Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship.
• 1935 – Nazi Germany adopts a new national flag with the swastika.
• 1940 – World War II: The climax of the Battle of Britain, when the Royal Air Force shoots down large numbers of Luftwaffe aircraft.
• 1942 – World War II: U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Wasp is torpedoed at Guadalcanal.
• 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet in Quebec as part of the Octagon Conference to discuss strategy.
• 1944 – Battle of Peleliu begins as the United States Marine Corps' 1st Marine Division and the United States Army's 81st Infantry Division hit White and Orange beaches under heavy fire from Japanese infantry and artillery.
• 1945 – A hurricane in southern Florida and the Bahamas destroys 366 planes and 25 blimps at NAS Richmond.
• 1947 – RCA releases the 12AX7 vacuum tube.
• 1947 – Typhoon Kathleen hit the Kanto Region in Japan killing 1,077.
• 1948 – The F-86 Sabre sets the world aircraft speed record at 671 miles per hour (1,080 km/h).
• 1950 – Korean War: United States forces land at Inchon
• 1952 – United Nations gives Eritrea to Ethiopia.
• 1958 – A Central Railroad of New Jersey commuter train runs through an open drawbridge at the Newark Bay, killing 58.
• 1959 – Nikita Khrushchev becomes the first Soviet leader to visit the United States.
• 1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes Texas with winds of 175 miles per hour.
• 1962 – The Soviet ship Poltava heads toward Cuba, one of the events that sets into motion the Cuban Missile Crisis.
• 1963 – The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing: Four children killed at an African-American church in Birmingham, Alabama, United States
• 1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to a sniper attack at the University of Texas at Austin, writes a letter to Congress urging the enactment of gun control legislation.
• 1968 – The Soviet Zond 5 spaceship is launched, becoming the first spacecraft to fly around the Moon and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
• 1972 – A Scandinavian Airlines System domestic flight from Gothenburg to Stockholm is hijacked and flown to Malmö-Bulltofta Airport.
• 1974 – Air Vietnam flight 727 is hijacked, then crashes while attempting to land with 75 on board.
• 1975 – The French département of Corse (the entire island of Corsica) is divided into two: Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud.
• 1981 – The Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approves Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• 1981 – The John Bull becomes the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world when the Smithsonian Institution operates it under its own power outside Washington, D.C.
• 1981 – Vanuatu becomes a member of the United Nations.
• 1983 – Rodrigo Carlos Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Spanish Ambassador to the United States of America
• 1983 – Israeli premier Menachem Begin resigns.
• 1987 – United States Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze sign a treaty to establish centers to reduce the risk of nuclear war.
• 1990 – France announces it will send 4,000 troops to the Persian Gulf.
• 1993 – Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II disbands Parliament
• 1998 – With the landmark merger of WorldCom and MCI Communications completed the day prior, the new MCI WorldCom opens its doors for business.
• 1999 – Arashi, a Japanese idol group, is debuted.
• 2004 – National Hockey League commissioner Gary Bettman announces lockout of the players union and cessation of operations by the NHL head office.
• 2008 – Lehman Brothers files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

 

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  It is September the 16th!  Here is today in history!

 

 

• 307 – Severus II is captured and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae. He is later executed (or forced to commit suicide) after Emperor Galerius unsuccessfully invades Italy.
• 1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers.
• 1620 – The Mayflower starts her voyage to North America
• 1701 – James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: the Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
• 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah begins.
• 1795 – The first occupation by United Kingdom of Cape Colony, South Africa with the Battle of Hout Bay, after successive victories at the Battle of Muizenberg and Wynberg, after William V requested protection against revolutionary France's occupation of the Netherlands.
• 1810 – With the Grito de Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.
• 1812 – The Fire of Moscow (1812) begins shortly after midnight and destroys three quarters of the city days later.
• 1863 – Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
• 1880 – The Cornell Daily Sun prints its first issue in Ithaca, New York. The Sun is the nation's oldest, continuously-independent college daily in the United States.
• 1893 – Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.
• 1908 – The General Motors Corporation is founded.
• 1919 – The American Legion is incorporated.
• 1920 – The Wall Street bombing: a bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City – 38 are killed and 400 injured.
• 1940 – World War II: Italian troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
• 1941 – World War II: Concerned that Reza Pahlavi the Shah of Persia is about to ally his petroleum-rich empire with Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union invade Iran in late August and force the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes when Heinrich von Vietinghoff, commander of the German Tenth Army, orders his troops to withdraw from Salerno.
• 1945 – World War II: The surrender of the Japanese troops in Hong Kong. The surrender is accepted by the Royal Navy Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt.
• 1947 – Typhoon Kathleen hits Saitama, Tokyo and Tone River area, at least 1,930 killed.
• 1955 – Juan Perón is deposed as the ruler of Argentina.
• 1955 – A Soviet Navy Zulu class submarine becomes the first submarine to launch a ballistic missile.
• 1959 – The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
• 1961 – The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of Hurricane Esther. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to Project Stormfury.
• 1963 – Malaysia is formed from the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, British North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. However, Singapore soon leaves this new country,
• 1966 – The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera, Antony and Cleopatra.
• 1970 – King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airliners by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). This results in the formation of the Black September Palestinian paramilitary unit.
• 1971 – Typhoon Nancy, with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people.
• 1975 – Papua New Guinea gains its independence from Australia.
• 1975 – The Cape Verde Islands, Mozambique, and Sao Tome and Principe join the United Nations.
• 1975 – The first prototype of the MiG-31 interceptor makes its maiden flight.
• 1976 – Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from the trolleybus that had fallen into Erevan reservoir.
• 1978 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 to 7.9 on the Richter scale hits the city of Tabas, Iran killing about 25,000 people.
• 1980 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines join the United Nations.
• 1982 – Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon.
• 1987 – The Montreal Protocol is signed to protect the ozone layer from depletion.
• 1990 – The railroad between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan becomes complete at Dostyk, adding a sizable link to the concept of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
• 1991 – The trial of the deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega begins in the United States.
• 1992 – Black Wednesday: the Pound Sterling is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the German mark.
• 2005 – The Camorra organized crime boss Paolo Di Lauro gets arrested in Naples, Italy.
• 2007 – One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 carrying 128 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand killing 89 people.
• 2007 – Mercenaries working for Blackwater Worldwide allegedly shoot and kill 17 Iraqi civilians in Nisour Square, Baghdad; all criminal charges against them are later dismissed, sparking outrage in the Arab world.

 

 

 

 

Peace!

 

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 17th.  Here is today in history.

 

 

• 456 – Remistus, Roman general (magister militum), is besieged with a Gothic force at Ravenna and later executed in the Palace in Classis, outside the city.
• 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
• 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought.
• 1462 – The Battle of Świecino (also known as the Battle of Żarnowiec) is fought during Thirteen Years' War.
• 1577 – The Peace of Bergerac is signed between Henry III of France and the Huguenots.
• 1630 – The city of Boston, Massachusetts is founded.
• 1631 – Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years War.
• 1683 – Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules": the first known description of protozoa.
• 1716 – Jean Thurel enlists in the Touraine Regiment at the age of 17, the first day of a military career that would span for over 90 years.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Invasion of Canada begins with the Siege of Fort St. Jean.
• 1776 – The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain.
• 1778 – The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe (the Lenape or Delaware Indians).
• 1787 – The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1809 – Peace between Sweden and Russia in the Finnish War. The territory to become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
• 1814 – Francis Scott Key finishes his poem "Defence of Fort McHenry", later to be the lyrics of "The Star-Spangled Banner".
• 1849 – American abolitionist Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery.
• 1859 – Joshua A. Norton declares himself "Emperor Norton I" of the United States.
• 1862 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan halts the northward drive of Robert E. Lee's Confederate army in the single-day Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American history.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war.
• 1894 – The Battle of Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War.
• 1900 – Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.
• 1908 – The Wright Flyer flown by Orville Wright, with Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes killing Selfridge. He becomes the first airplane fatality.
• 1914 – Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
• 1916 – World War I: Manfred von Richthofen ("The Red Baron"), a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.
• 1920 – The American Professional Football Association (later renamed National Football League) is organized in Canton, Ohio, United States.
• 1924 – The Border Defence Corps is established in the Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed Soviet raids and local bandits.
• 1928 – The Okeechobee Hurricane strikes southeastern Florida, killing upwards of 2,500 people. It is the third deadliest natural disaster in United States history, behind the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
• 1939 – World War II: The Soviet Union joins Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland during the Polish Defensive War of 1939.
• 1939 – World War II: A German U-boat U 29 sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Courageous.
• 1939 – Taisto Mäki becomes the first man to run the 10,000 metres in under 30 minutes, in a time of 29:52.6
• 1940 – World War II: Following the German defeat in the Battle of Britain, Hitler postpones Operation Sea Lion indefinitely.
• 1941 – World War II: A decree of the Soviet State Committee of Defense, restoring Vsevobuch in the face of the Great Patriotic War, is issued
• 1943 – World War II: The Russian city of Bryansk is liberated from Nazis.
• 1944 – World War II: Allied Airborne troops parachute into the Netherlands as the "Market" half of Operation Market Garden.
• 1948 – The Lehi (also known as the Stern gang) assassinates Count Folke Bernadotte, who was appointed by the UN to mediate between the Arab nations and Israel.
• 1948 – The Nizam of Hyderabad surrenders his sovereignty over the Hyderabad State and joins the Indian Union.
• 1949 – The Canadian steamship SS Noronic burns in Toronto Harbour with the loss of over 118 lives.
• 1957 – Malaysia joins the United Nations.
• 1961 – The world's first retractable-dome stadium, the Civic Arena, opens in Pittsburgh.
• 1974 – Bangladesh, Grenada and Guinea-Bissau join the United Nations.
• 1976 – The first Space Shuttle, Enterprise, is unveiled by NASA.
• 1978 – The Camp David Accords are signed by Israel and Egypt.
• 1980 – After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity is established.
• 1980 – Former Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle is killed in Asunción, Paraguay.
• 1983 – Vanessa Williams becomes the first black Miss America.
• 1991 – Estonia, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, the Marshall Islands and Micronesia join the United Nations.
• 1991 – The first version of the Linux kernel (0.01) is released to the Internet.
• 1992 – An Iranian Kurdish leader and his two joiners are assassinated by political militants in Berlin, Germany.
• 1993 – Last Russian troops leave Poland.
• 2001 – The New York Stock Exchange reopens for trading after the September 11 Attacks, the longest closure since the Great Depression.
• 2006 – Fourpeaked Mountain in Alaska erupts, marking the first eruption for the long-dormant volcano in at least 10,000 years.
• 2006 – An audio tape of a private speech by Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány is leaked to the public, in which he confessed that his Hungarian Socialist Party had lied to win the 2006 election, sparking widespread protests across the country.
• 2007 – AOL, once the largest ISP in the U.S., officially announces plans to refocus the company as an advertising business and to relocate its corporate headquarters from Dulles, Virginia to New York, New York.
• 2011 – Occupy Wall Street movement begins in Zucotti Park, New York City.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 18th.  Here is today in history!

 

 

• 14 – Tiberius is confirmed as Roman Emperor by the Roman Senate following the natural death of Augustus
• 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
• 324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
• 1180 – Philip Augustus becomes king of France.
• 1454 – In the Battle of Chojnice, the Polish army is defeated by the Teutonic army during the Thirteen Years' War.
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth, and final voyage.
• 1635 – Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of Austria declares war on France.
• 1679 – New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1714 – George I arrives in Great Britain for the first time since becoming king on August 1st.
• 1739 – The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.
• 1759 – The British capture Quebec City.
• 1793 – The first cornerstone of the Capitol building is laid by George Washington.
• 1809 – The Royal Opera House in London opens.
• 1810 – First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
• 1812 – The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
• 1837 – Tiffany and Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
• 1838 – The Anti-Corn Law League is established by Richard Cobden.
• 1850 – The U.S. Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
• 1851 – First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
• 1870 – Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by Henry D. Washburn during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition to Yellowstone.
• 1872 – King Oscar II accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
• 1873 – Panic of 1873: The U.S. bank Jay Cooke & Company declares bankruptcy, triggering a series of bank failures.
• 1879 – The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
• 1882 – The Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
• 1885 – Riots break out in Montreal to protest against compulsory smallpox vaccination.
• 1895 – Booker T. Washington delivers the "Atlanta Compromise" address.
• 1895 – Daniel David Palmer gives the first chiropractic adjustment.
• 1898 – Fashoda Incident – Lord Kitchener's ships reach Fashoda, Sudan.
• 1906 – A typhoon with tsunami kills an estimated 10,000 people in Hong Kong.
• 1910 – In Amsterdam, 25,000 demonstrate for general suffrage.
• 1911 – Russian Premier Peter Stolypin is shot at the Kiev Opera House.
• 1914 – The Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
• 1914 – World War I: South African troops land in German South West Africa.
• 1919 – The Netherlands gives women the right to vote.
• 1919 – Fritz Pollard becomes the first African-American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
• 1922 – Hungary is admitted to League of Nations.
• 1927 – The Columbia Broadcasting System goes on the air.
• 1928 – Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro crossing of the English Channel.
• 1931 – The Mukden Incident gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
• 1934 – The USSR is admitted to League of Nations.
• 1939 – World War II: Polish government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.
• 1939 – The Nazi propaganda broadcaster known as Lord Haw-Haw begins transmitting.
• 1943 – World War II: The Jews of Minsk are massacred at Sobibór.
• 1943 – World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of Danish Jews.
• 1944 – World War II: The British submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Junyō Maru, 5,600 killed.
• 1945 – General Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo.
• 1947 – The United States Air Force becomes an independent branch of the United States armed forces.
• 1947 – The National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established in the United States under the National Security Act.
• 1948 – Operation Polo is terminated after Indian Army accepts the surrender of Nizam's Army.
• 1948 – Communist Madiun uprising in Dutch Indies.
• 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith of Maine becomes the first woman elected to the US Senate without completing another senator's term, when she defeats Democratic opponent Adrian Scolten.
• 1959 – Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth orbit.
• 1960 – Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations.
• 1961 – U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the war-torn Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• 1962 – Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda and Trinidad and Tobago are admitted to the United Nations.
• 1964 – Constantine II of Greece marries Danish princess Anne-Marie.
• 1964 – North Vietnamese Army begins infiltration of South Vietnam.
• 1973 – The Bahamas, East Germany and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations.
• 1974 – Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
• 1975 – Patty Hearst is arrested after a year on the FBI Most Wanted List.
• 1977 – Voyager I takes first photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
• 1980 – Soyuz 38 carries 2 cosmonauts (including 1 Cuban) to Salyut 6 space station.
• 1981 – Assemblée Nationale votes to abolish capital punishment in France.
• 1982 – Christian militia begin killing six-hundred Palestinians in Lebanon.
• 1984 – Joe Kittinger completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
• 1988 – End of pro-democracy uprisings in Myanmar after a bloody military coup by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Thousands, mostly monks and civilians (primarily students) are killed by the Tatmadaw.
• 1990 – Liechtenstein becomes a member of the United Nations.
• 1991 – Yugoslavia begins a naval blockade of 7 Adriatic port cities.
• 1992 – An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labor dispute, killing 9 replacement workers.
• 1997 – United States media magnate Ted Turner donates USD 1 billion to the United Nations.
• 1998 – ICANN is formed.
• 2001 – First mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
• 2007 – Pervez Musharraf announces that he will step down as army chief and restore civilian rule to Pakistan, but only after he is re-elected president.
• 2007 – Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some called the Saffron Revolution.
• 2009 – The 72 year run of the soap opera The Guiding Light ends as its final episode is broadcast.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 19th.  Here is today in history.

 

• 335 – Flavius Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
• 1356 – Battle of Poitiers: an English army under the command of Edward, the Black Prince defeats a French army and captures the French king, John II.
• 1676 – Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon during Bacon's Rebellion.
• 1692 – Giles Corey is pressed to death after refusing to plead in the Salem witch trials.
• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga.
• 1778 – The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States.
• 1796 – George Washington's farewell address is printed across America as an open letter to the public.
• 1799 – French Revolutionary Wars: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the Battle of Bergen.
• 1846 – Two French shepherd children, Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud, experience a Marian apparition on a mountaintop near La Salette, France, now known as Our Lady of La Salette.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Iuka – Union troops under General William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force commanded by General Sterling Price.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Paris begins, which will result on January 28, 1871 in the surrender of Paris and a decisive Prussian victory.
• 1870 – Having invaded the Papal States a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome, entering the city the next day, after which the Pope described himself as a Prisoner in the Vatican.
• 1881 – U.S. President James A. Garfield dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting.
• 1893 – Women's suffrage: in New Zealand, the Electoral Act of 1893 is consented to by the governor giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote.
• 1934 – Bruno Hauptmann is arrested for the kidnap and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr..
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Kępa Oksywska concludes, with Polish losses reaching roughly 14% of all the forces engaged.
• 1940 – Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz in order to smuggle out information and start a resistance.
• 1944 – Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union is signed. (End of the Continuation War).
• 1944 – Battle of Hürtgen Forest between United States and Nazi Germany begins.
• 1945 – Lord Haw Haw (William Joyce) is sentenced to death in London.
• 1946 – The Council of Europe is founded following a speech by Winston Churchill at the University of Zurich.
• 1946 – The first Cannes Film Festival is held, having been delayed seven years due to World War II.
• 1952 – The United States bars Charlie Chaplin from re-entering the country after a trip to England.
• 1957 – First American underground nuclear bomb test (part of Operation Plumbbob).
• 1959 – Nikita Khrushchev is barred from visiting Disneyland due to security concerns.
• 1961 – Betty and Barney Hill claim that they saw a mysterious craft in the sky and that it tried to abduct them.
• 1970 – The first Glastonbury Festival is held at Michael Eavis's farm in Glastonbury, United Kingdom.
• 1970 – Kostas Georgakis, a Greek student of Geology, sets himself ablaze in Matteotti Square in Genoa, Italy as a protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos.
• 1971 – Montagnard troops of South Vietnam revolt against the rule of Nguyen Khanh, killing 70 ethnic Vietnamese soldiers.
• 1972 – A parcel bomb sent to Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.
• 1973 – King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has his investiture.
• 1976 – Turkish Airlines Boeing 727 hits the Taurus Mountains, outskirt of Karatepe, Osmaniye, Turkey, killing all 155 passengers and crew.
• 1976 – Two Imperial Iranian Air Force F-4 Phantom II jets fly out to investigate an unidentified flying object when both independently lose instrumentation and communications as they approach, only to have them restored upon withdrawal.
• 1978 – The Solomon Islands join the United Nations.
• 1981 – Simon & Garfunkel reunite for a free concert in New York's Central Park.
• 1982 – Scott Fahlman posts the first documented emoticons :-) and :-( on the Carnegie Mellon University Bulletin Board System.
• 1983 – Saint Kitts and Nevis gains its independence.
• 1985 – A strong earthquake kills thousands and destroys about 400 buildings in Mexico City.
• 1985 – Tipper Gore and other political wives form the Parents Music Resource Center as Frank Zappa and other musicians testify at U.S. Congressional hearings on obscenity in rock music.
• 1989 – A terrorist bomb explodes UTA Flight 772 in mid-air above the Tùnùrù Desert, Niger, killing 171.
• 1991 – Ötzi the Iceman is discovered by German tourists.
• 1995 – The Washington Post and The New York Times publish the Unabomber's manifesto.
• 1997 – Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria; 53 killed.
• 2006 – The Thai military stages a coup in Bangkok. The Constitution is revoked and martial law is declared.
• 2010 – The leaking oil well in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is sealed.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 20th.  Here is today in history!

 

 

 

• 480BC – Greeks defeat Persians in the Battle of Salamis
• 1058 – Agnes de Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border-zone in present-day Burgenland.
• 1187 – Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
• 1260 – the Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights.
• 1378 – Cardinal Robert of Geneva, called by some the Butcher of Cesena, is elected as Avignon Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.
• 1498 – The 1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake generates a tsunami that washes away the building housing the statue of the Great Buddha at Kōtoku-in in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan; since then the Buddha has sat in the open air.
• 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on his expedition to circumnavigate the globe.
• 1596 – Diego de Montemayor founds the city of Monterrey in New Spain.
• 1697 – The Treaty of Rijswijk is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic ending the Nine Years' War (1688–97).
• 1737 – The finish of the Walking Purchase which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km²) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
• 1792 – French troops stop allied invasion of France, during the War of the First Coalition at Valmy.
• 1835 – Ragamuffin rebels capture Porto Alegre, then capital of the Brazilian imperial province of Rio Grande do Sul, triggering the start of ten-year-long Farroupilha Revolution.
• 1848 – The American Association for the Advancement of Science is created.
• 1854 – Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.
• 1857 – The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.
• 1860 – The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom) visits the United States.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends.
• 1870 – Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia and complete the unification of Italy.
• 1871 – Bishop John Coleridge Patteson is martyred on the island of Nukapu, a Polynesian outlier island now in the Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands. He is the first bishop of Melanesia.
• 1881 – Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st President of the United States following the assassination of James Garfield.
• 1893 – Charles Duryea and his brother road-test the first American-made gasoline-powered automobile.
• 1906 – Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania is launched at the Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson shipyard in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
• 1909 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the South Africa Act 1909, creating the Union of South Africa from the British Colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River Colony, and the Transvaal Colony.
• 1910 – The ocean liner SS France, later known as the "Versailles of the Atlantic", is launched.
• 1911 – White Star Line's RMS Olympic collides with British warship HMS Hawke.
• 1920 – Foundation of the Spanish Legion.
• 1930 – Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is formed by Archbishop Mar Ivanios.
• 1942 – Holocaust in Letychiv, Ukraine. In the course of two days the German SS murders at least 3,000 Jews.
• 1961 – Greek general Konstantinos Dovas becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
• 1962 – James Meredith, an African-American, is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi.
• 1967 – RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched at John Brown & Company, Clydebank, Scotland. It is operated by the Cunard Line.
• 1970 – Syrian tanks roll into Jordan in response to continued fighting between Jordan and the fedayeen.
• 1971 – Having weakened after making landfall in Nicaragua the previous day, Hurricane Irene regains enough strength to be renamed Hurricane Olivia, making it the first known hurricane to cross from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific.
• 1973 – Billie Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in The Battle of the Sexes tennis match at the Houston Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
• 1977 – The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is admitted to the United Nations.
• 1979 – A coup d'état in the Central African Empire overthrows Emperor Bokasa I.
• 1982 – The National Football League players begin a 57-day strike.
• 1984 – A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing twenty-two people.
• 1985 – Capital gains tax was introduced in Australia, one of a number of tax reforms by the Hawke/Keating government.
• 1990 – South Ossetia declares its independence from Georgia.
• 2000 – The British MI6 Secret Intelligence Service building is attacked by unapprehended forces using a Russian-built RPG-22 anti-tank missile.
• 2001 – In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American people, U.S. President George W. Bush declares a "war on terror".
• 2002 – The Kolka-Karmadon rock/ice slide.
• 2003 – Maldives civil unrest: the death of prisoner Hassan Evan Naseem sparks a day of rioting in Malé.
• 2007 – Between 15,000 and 20,000 protesters marched on Jena, Louisiana, in support of six black youths who had been convicted of assaulting a white classmate.
• 2008 – A dump truck full of explosives detonates in front of the Marriott hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 54 people and injuring 266 others.
• 2011 – The United States ends its "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September the 21st!  Here is today in history!

 

• 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
• 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu and Livonian leader Kaupo are killed in Battle of St. Matthew's Day.
• 1435 – An agreement between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good ends the partnership between the English and Burgundy in Hundred Years' War.
• 1745 – Battle of Prestonpans: A Hanoverian army under the command of Sir John Cope is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
• 1776 – Part of New York City is burned shortly after being occupied by British forces.
• 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point.
• 1792 – The National Convention declares France a republic and abolishes the monarchy.
• 1823 – Joseph Smith is reportedly visited by the angel Moroni, who told him the location of gold plates, which Smith obtained four years later and partially translated into The Book of Mormon.
• 1860 – In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.
• 1896 – British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola in the Sudan.
• 1897 – The "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" editorial is published in the New York Sun.
• 1898 – Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
• 1921 – A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500-600 people.
• 1933 – Salvador Lutteroth ran the first ever EMLL (now CMLL) show in Mexico, marking the birth of Lucha Libre
• 1934 – A large typhoon hits western Honshū, Japan, killing 3,036 people.
• 1937 – J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published.
• 1938 – The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500-700 people.
• 1939 – Romanian Prime Minister Armand Călinescu is assassinated by ultranationalist members of the Iron Guard.
• 1942 – On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis send over 1,000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.
• 1942 – In Poland, at the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently evacuate Konstantynów and move to the Ghetto in Biała Podlaska, established to assemble Jews from seven nearby towns, including Janów Podlaski, Rossosz and Terespol.
• 1942 – In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2,588 Jews.
• 1942 – The B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight.
• 1953 – LT No Kum-Sok a North Korean pilot defected to South Korea and is associated with Operation Moolah.
• 1961 – Maiden flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter.
• 1964 – Malta becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1964 – The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's first Mach 3 bomber, makes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.
• 1965 – Gambia, Maldives and Singapore are admitted as members of the United Nations.
• 1971 – Bahrain, Bhutan and Qatar join the United Nations.
• 1972 – Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos signs Proclamation № 1081, placing the entire country under martial law.
• 1976 – Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Chilean socialist government of Salvador Allende, overthrown in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet.
• 1976 – Seychelles joins the United Nations.
• 1981 – Belize is granted full independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1981 – Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the U.S. Senate as the first female Supreme Court justice.
• 1984 – Brunei joins the United Nations.
• 1991 – Armenia is granted independence from Soviet Union.
• 1993 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and scraps the then-functioning constitution, thus triggering the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993.
• 1999 – Chi-Chi earthquake occurs in central Taiwan, leaving about 2,400 people dead.
• 2001 – Deep Space 1 flies within 2,200 km of Comet Borrelly.
• 2001 – America: A Tribute to Heroes is broadcast by over 35 network and cable channels, raising over $200 million for the September 11 attack victims.
• 2003 – Galileo mission is terminated by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It is September 22nd.  Here is today in history!

 

 

• 66 – Roman Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica.
• 1236 – The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule.
• 1499 – Treaty of Basel: Switzerland becomes an independent state.
• 1586 – Battle of Zutphen: Spanish victory over the English and Dutch.
• 1598 – English playwright Ben Jonson kills an actor in a duel and is indicted for manslaughter.
• 1692 – Last people hanged for witchcraft in England's North American colonies.
• 1711 – The Tuscarora War begins in present-day North Carolina.
• 1761 – George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned King and Queen, respectively, of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1776 – Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution.
• 1789 – The office of United States Postmaster General is established.
• 1789 – Battle of Rymnik establishes Alexander Suvorov as a pre-eminent Russian military commander after his allied army defeat superior Ottoman Empire forces.
• 1792 – Primidi Vendémiaire of year 1 of the French Republican Calendar as the French First Republic comes into being.
• 1823 – Joseph Smith, Jr. states he found the Golden plates on this date after being directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where they were buried.
• 1857 – The Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard.
• 1862 – Slavery in the United States: a preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released.
• 1866 – Battle of Curupaity in the Paraguayan War.
• 1869 – Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold premieres in Munich.
• 1885 – Lord Randolph Churchill makes a speech in Ulster in opposition to Home Rule.
• 1888 – The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published.
• 1896 – Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history.
• 1908 – The Bulgarian Declaration of Independence is proclaimed.
• 1910 – The Duke of York's Picture House opens in Brighton, now the oldest continually operating cinema in Britain.
• 1914 – German submarine U-9 torpedoes and sinks the British cruisers, HMS Aboukir, HMS Hogue and HMS Cressy on the Broad Fourteens off the Dutch coast with the loss of nearly 1400 men and boys.
• 1919 – The steel strike of 1919, led by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, begins in Pennsylvania before spreading across the United States.
• 1927 – Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.
• 1934 – An explosion takes place at Gresford Colliery in Wales, leading to the deaths of 266 miners and rescuers.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.
• 1939 – Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland.
• 1941 – World War II: On Jewish New Year Day, the German SS murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. Those are the survivors of the previous killings that took place a few days earlier in which about 24,000 Jews were executed.
• 1955 – In the United Kingdom, the television channel ITV goes live for the first time.
• 1957 – In Haiti, François Duvalier is elected president.
• 1960 – The Sudanese Republic is renamed Mali after the withdrawal of Senegal from the Mali Federation.
• 1965 – The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (also known as the Second Kashmir War) between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, ends after the UN calls for a cease-fire.
• 1975 – Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple.
• 1979 – The Vela Incident (also known as the South Atlantic Flash) is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.
• 1980 – Iraq invades Iran.
• 1991 – The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time by the Huntington Library.
• 1993 – A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, causing the deadliest train wreck in Amtrak history. 47 passengers are killed.
• 1993 – A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia.
• 1995 – An E-3B AWACS crashes outside Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska after multiple bird strikes to two of the four engines soon after takeoff; all 24 on board are killed.
• 1995 – Nagerkovil school bombing, is carried out by Sri Lankan Air Force in which at least 34 die, most of them ethnic Tamil school children.

 

 

 

 

 

Peace!

[Madelaine McMasters]

9-22-1776    Moved by news of Nathan Hale's last words as he was hanged for espionage by the British - "I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country", Revolutionary Army General George Washington investigates the use of spy cats.

9-22-2023    Two hundred years after Joseph Smith's purported discovery of golden plates on a Jamestown, NY hill, school children playing in the area unearth the remains of a picnic basket, two margarita glasses and a half empty glass bottle containing a mix of vodka, whisky, citrus soda, grenadine syrup, rum and one red maraschino cherry.

9-22-2146    Robots overthrow their human overlords. Their leader, Luxo Jr., declares the beginning of the "Age of Enlightenment", while wiggling his cute little behind.

 

[Hippie Bowman]

LOL Maddy!    Robots overthrow their human overlords. Their leader, Luxo Jr., declares the beginning of the "Age of Enlightenment", while wiggling his cute little behind.

 

 

 

 

Peace!