What happened in History on this date

[Storm Clarence]

One month ago on this day a Storm resurfaced on this forum, the blogs, and the ANSWERS forum.  

I, for one, am celebrating!

 

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  Its May 31st!  Here is today in history.

 

 

• 1279 BC – Rameses II (The Great) (19th dynasty) becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
• 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
• 526 – A devastating earthquake strikes Antioch, Turkey, killing 250,000.
• 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River – Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus and Cumans.
• 1578 – Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England to Frobisher Bay, Canada, eventually to mine fool's gold, used to pave streets in London.
• 1578 – King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris.
• 1669 – Citing poor eyesight, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary.
• 1678 – The Godiva procession through Coventry begins.
• 1775 – American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolutions are allegedly adopted in the Province of North Carolina.
• 1790 – Alferez Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
• 1790 – The United States enacts its first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790.
• 1790 – French Revolution: the Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed.
• 1805 – French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock
• 1813 – In Australia, Lawson, Blaxland and Wentworth, reached Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains.
• 1854 – The civil death procedure is abolished in France.
• 1859 – The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
• 1862 – American Civil War Peninsula Campaign: Battle of Seven Pines or (Battle of Fair Oaks) – Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston & G. W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside Richmond, Virginia.
• 1864 – American Civil War Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor – The Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee engages the Army of the Potomac under Ulysses S. Grant & George G. Meade.
• 1866 – In the Fenian Invasion of Canada, John O'Neill leads 850 Fenian raiders across the Niagara River at Buffalo, New York/Fort Erie, Ontario, as part of an effort to free Ireland from the United Kingdom. Canadian militia and British regulars repulse the invaders in over the next three days, at a cost of 9 dead and 38 wounded to the Fenian's 19 dead and about 17 wounded.
• 1879 – New York, New York's Gilmores Garden is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
• 1884 – Arrival at Plymouth of Tawhiao, King of Maoris, to claim protection of Queen Victoria
• 1889 – Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die after a dam break sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
• 1902 – Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa.
• 1909 – The National Negro Committee, forerunner to the NAACP, convenes for the first time.
• 1910 – Creation of the Union of South Africa.
• 1911 – The hull of the ocean liner RMS Titanic is launched.
• 1911 – President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz flees the country during the Mexican Revolution.
• 1916 – World War I: Battle of Jutland – The British Grand Fleet under the command of Sir John Jellicoe & Sir David Beatty engage the Kaiserliche Marine under the command of Reinhard Scheer & Franz von Hipper in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
• 1921 – Tulsa Race Riot: A civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, the official death toll is 39, but recent investigations suggest the actual toll may be much higher.
• 1924 – The Soviet Union signs an agreement with the Peking government, referring to Outer Mongolia as an "integral part of the Republic of China", whose "sovereignty" therein the Soviet Union promises to respect.
• 1927 – The last Ford Model T rolls off the assembly line after a production run of 15,007,003 vehicles.
• 1929 – The first talking cartoon of Mickey Mouse, "The Karnival Kid", is released.
• 1935 – A 7.7 Mw earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan: 40,000 dead.
• 1941 – A Luftwaffe air raid in Dublin, Ireland, claims 38 lives.
• 1941 – Anglo-Iraqi War: The United Kingdom completes the re-occupation of Iraq and returns 'Abd al-Ilah to power as regent for Faisal II.
• 1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy midget submarines begin a series of attacks on Sydney, Australia.
• 1961 – The Union of South Africa becomes the Republic of South Africa.
• 1961 – In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society.
• 1962 – The West Indies Federation dissolves.
• 1962 – Adolf Eichmann is hanged in Israel.
• 1970 – The Ancash earthquake causes a landslide that buries the town of Yungay, Peru; more than 47,000 people are killed.
• 1971 – In accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1968, observation of Memorial Day occurs on the last Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the traditional Memorial Day of May 30.
• 1973 – The United States Senate votes to cut off funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets within Cambodia, hastening the end of the Cambodian Civil War.
• 1977 – The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System completed.
• 1981 – Burning of Jaffna library, Sri Lanka, It is one of the violent examples of ethnic biblioclasm of the twentieth century.
• 1985 – 1985 United States-Canadian tornado outbreak: Forty-one tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.
• 1991 – Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations' UNAVEM II mission.
• 2005 – Vanity Fair reveals that Mark Felt was Deep Throat.
• 2009 – Anti-abortion activist Scott Roeder shoots and kills physician George Tiller during church services in Wichita, Kansas.
• 2010 – In international waters, armed Shayetet 13 commandos, intending to force the flotilla to anchor at the Ashdod port, boarded ships trying to break the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip, resulting in 9 civilian deaths.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  It's June the 1st!  Here is todays history!

 

• 193 – Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated.
• 987 – Hugh Capet is elected King of France.
• 1204 – King Philip Augustus of France conquers Rouen.
• 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
• 1252 – Alfonso X is elected King of Castile and León.
• 1298 – Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
• 1495 – Friar John Cor records the first known batch of scotch whisky.
• 1533 – Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.
• 1648 – The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
• 1660 – Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1670 – In Dover, England, Charles II of Great Britain and Louis XIV of France sign the secret treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
• 1679 – The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.
• 1779 – Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is court-martialed for malfeasance.
• 1792 – Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.
• 1794 – The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.
• 1796 – Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.
• 1812 – War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.
• 1813 – James Lawrence, the mortally-wounded commander of the USS Chesapeake, gives his final order: "Don't give up the ship!"
• 1815 – Napoleon swears fidelity to the Constitution of France.
• 1831 – James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole.
• 1855 – American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua.
• 1857 – Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
• 1861 – American Civil War, Battle of Fairfax Court House (June 1861), first land battle of American Civil War after Battle of Fort Sumter, first Confederate combat casualty.
• 1862 – American Civil War, Peninsula Campaign: Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory.
• 1868 – Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed allowing the Navajos to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.
• 1879 – Napoleon Eugene, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.
• 1890 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.
• 1910 – Robert Falcon Scott's South Pole expedition leaves England.
• 1913 – The Greek-Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.
• 1916 – Louis Brandeis becomes the first Jew appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
• 1918 – World War I, Western Front: Battle for Belleau Wood – Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.
• 1921 – Tulsa Race Riot: civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
• 1922 – The Royal Ulster Constabulary is founded.
• 1929 – The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.
• 1941 – World War II: Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.
• 1941 – The Farhud, a pogrom of Iraqi Jews, takes place in Baghdad.
• 1943 – British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation the downing was an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
• 1946 – Ion Antonescu, "Conducator" (leader) of Romania during World War II, is executed.
• 1958 – Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.
• 1960 – New Zealand's first official television broadcast commences at 7.30 pm from Auckland.
• 1962 – The Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting concludes, among other things, that the British public did not want commercial radio broadcasting.
• 1963 – Kenya gains internal self-rule (Madaraka Day).
• 1974 – Flixborough disaster: an explosion at a chemical plant kills 28 people.
• 1974 – The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.
• 1978 – The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.
• 1979 – The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.
• 1980 – Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.
• 1990 – George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.
• 1993 – Dobrinja mortar attack: 13 are killed and 133 wounded when Serb mortar shells are fired at a soccer game in Dobrinja, west of Sarajevo.
• 1999 – American Airlines Flight 1420 slides and crashes while landing at Little Rock National Airport, killing 11 people on a flight from Dallas to Little Rock.
• 2001 – Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother, King Birendra of Nepal and Queen Aiswarya.
• 2001 – Dolphinarium massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.
• 2003 – The People's Republic of China begins filling the reservoir behind the Three Gorges Dam.
• 2009 – Air France Flight 447 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. All 228 passengers and crew are killed.
• 2009 – General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.
• 2011 – A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts during the event, killing four people.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  Happy Weekend!  It's June the 2nd.  Here is todays history lesson!

 

• 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks
• 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city. The second siege would later start on June 7.
• 1615 – First Récolletmissionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.
• 1676 – Franco-Dutch War: France ensured the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo.
• 1692 – Bridget Bishop is the first person to go to trial in the Salem witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Found guilty, she is hanged on June 10.
• 1763 – Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.
• 1774 – Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.
• 1793 – French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.
• 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recapturesDiamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British.
• 1835 – P. T. Barnum and his circus start their first tour of the United States.
• 1848 – The Slavic congress in Prague begins.
• 1855 – The Portland Rum Riot occurs in Portland, Maine.
• 1866 – Fenian raids: Fenians are victorious in both the Battle of Ridgeway and the Battle of Fort Erie.
• 1876 – Hristo Botev, a national revolutionary of Bulgaria, is killed in Stara Planina
• 1886 – U.S. PresidentGrover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom in the White House, becoming the only president to wed in the executive mansion.
• 1896 – Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his newest invention: the radio.
• 1909 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
• 1910 – Charles Rolls, co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane.
• 1919 – Anarchists simultaneously set off bombs in eight separate U.S. cities.
• 1924 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.
• 1941 – World War II: German paratoopers murder Greek civilians in the village of Kondomari.
• 1946 – Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum the king of Italy Umberto II di Savoia is exiled.
• 1953 – The coronation of QueenElizabeth II, who is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories & Head of the Commonwealth, the first major international event to be televised.
• 1955 – The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between both countries, discontinued since 1948.
• 1962 – During the 1962 FIFA World Cup, police had to intervene multiple times in fights between Chilean and Italian players in one of the most violent games in football history.
• 1966 – Surveyor program: Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon, becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to soft land on another world.
• 1967 – Luis Monge is executed in Colorado's gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States.
• 1967 – Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into riots, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group Movement 2 June.
• 1979 – Pope John Paul II first official visit to his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country.
• 1983 – After an emergency landing because of an in-flight fire, twenty-three passengers aboard Air Canada Flight 797 are killed when a flashover occurs as the plane's doors open. Because of this incident, numerous new safety regulations are put in place.
• 1990 – The Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 66 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12. Petersburg, Indiana, is the hardest-hit town in the outbreak, with 6 deaths.
• 1995 – United States Air ForceCaptainScott O'Grady's F-16 is shot down over Bosnia while patrolling the NATO no-fly zone.
• 1997 – In Denver, Colorado, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
• 1999 – The Bhutan Broadcasting Service brings television transmissions to the Kingdom for the first time.
• 2003 – Europe launches its first voyage to another planet, Mars. The European Space Agency's Mars Express probe launches from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.
• 2004 – Ken Jennings begins his 74-game winning streak on the syndicatedgame showJeopardy!
• 2010 – Derrick Bird goes on a killing spree in Cumbria, killing 13 and injuring 11, see Cumbria shootings.

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  Its June the 3rd.  Here is todays history!

 

• 350 – Roman usurperNepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
• 1140 – French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
• 1326 – Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
• 1539 – Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
• 1608 – Samuel de Champlain completes his third voyage to New France at Tadoussac, Quebec.
• 1621 – The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherlands.
• 1658 – Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Lavalvicar apostolic in New France.
• 1665 – James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England) defeats the Dutchfleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
• 1839 – In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kg of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Philippi (also called the Philippi Races) – Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia, in first land battle of the War.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor – Union forces attack Confederate troops in Hanover County, Virginia.
• 1866 – The Fenians are driven out of Fort Erie, Ontario, into the United States.
• 1885 – In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, Cree leader Big Bear escapes the North-West Mounted Police.
• 1888 – The poem "Casey at the Bat", by Ernest Lawrence Thayer, is published in the San Francisco Examiner.
• 1889 – The transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway is completed.
• 1889 – The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
• 1916 – The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.
• 1932 – Lou Gehrig and teammate Tony Lazzeri hit four home runs in one game, and hit for the natural cycle, respectively. These two feats are both less common than a perfect game, which has occurred twenty one times in one hundred and twenty years.
• 1935 – One thousand unemployed Canadian workers board freight cars in Vancouver, British Columbia, beginning a protest trek to Ottawa, Ontario.
• 1937 – The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
• 1940 – World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.
• 1940 – World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.
• 1941 – World War II: The Wehrmachtrazes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground, killing 180 of its inhabitants.
• 1942 – World War II: Japan begins the Aleutian Islands Campaign by bombingUnalaska Island.
• 1943 – In Los Angeles, California, white U.S. Navy sailors and Marines clash with Latino youths in the Zoot Suit Riots.
• 1950 – First successful ascent of an Eight-thousander; Annapurna is summited by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal
• 1962 – An Air FranceBoeing 707 charter, Chateau de Sullycrashes after an aborted takeoff from Paris-Orly Airport, killing 130.
• 1963 – The Buddhist crisis: Soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnamattack protesting Buddhists in Huế, South Vietnam, with liquid chemicals from tear gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalised for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.
• 1963 – A Northwest AirlinesDC-7crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia, killing 101.
• 1965 – Launch of Gemini 4, the first multi-day space mission by a NASA crew. Crew-member Ed White performs the first American spacewalk.
• 1968 – Valerie Solanas, author of SCUM Manifesto, attempts to assassinate Andy Warhol by shooting him three times.
• 1969 – Melbourne-Evans collision: Off the coast of South Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne cuts the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half.
• 1973 – A SovietsupersonicTupolev Tu-144crashes near Goussainville, France, killing 14, the first crash of a supersonic passenger aircraft.
• 1979 – A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 3,000,000 barrels (480,000 m3) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the second-worst accidental oil spill ever recorded.
• 1980 – The 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak. Seven tornadoes hit Grand Island, Nebraska takes five lives, 357 single-family homes, 33 mobile homes, 85 apartments, 49 businesses and $300 million in damages all told, according to National Weather Service and American Red Cross statistics on the deadly storm.
• 1982 – The Israeliambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street. He survives but is permanently paralysed.
• 1984 – Operation Blue Star, a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for the Sikhs, in Amritsar. The operation continues until June 6 with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.
• 1989 – The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.
• 1991 – Mount Unzen erupts in Kyūshū, Japan, killing 43 people, all of them either researchers or journalists.
• 1992 – Aboriginal Land Rights are granted in Australia in Mabo v Queensland (No 2), a case brought by Eddie Mabo.
• 1998 – Eschede train disaster: an ICEhigh speed train derails in Lower Saxony, Germany, causing 101 deaths.
• 2006 – The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro's formal declaration of independence.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 4th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 1039 – Henry III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
• 1615 – Siege of Osaka: Forces under the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
• 1760 – Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada taken from the Acadians.
• 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).
• 1792 – Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1794 – British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.
• 1802 – Grieving over the death of his wife, Marie Clotilde of France, King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.
• 1812 – Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the Louisiana Territory is renamed the Missouri Territory.
• 1825 – French American Revolutionary War General Lafayette speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.
• 1859 – Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.
• 1876 – An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City.
• 1878 – Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
• 1896 – Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run.
• 1912 – Massachusetts becomes the first state of the United States to set a minimum wage.
• 1913 – Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled, never regains consciousness and dies a few days later.
• 1916 – World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia.
• 1917 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World.
• 1919 – Women's rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
• 1920 – Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.
• 1928 – President of the Republic of China Zhang Zuolin is assassinated by Japanese agents.
• 1932 – Marmaduke Grove and other Chilean military officers lead a coup d'etat establishing the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile.
• 1939 – Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.
• 1940 – World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends – British forces complete evacuation of 300,000 troops from Dunkirk in France. To rally the morale of the country, Winston Churchill delivers his famous "We shall fight on the beaches" speech.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese navy.
• 1943 – A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.
• 1944 – World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505 – the first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
• 1944 – World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.
• 1957 – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous Power of Nonviolence speech at the University of California, Berkeley.
• 1961 – In the Vienna summit, Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev sparks the Berlin Crisis by threatening to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany and ending American, British and French access to East Berlin.
• 1965 – Duane Earl Pope robbed the Farmers' State Bank of Big Springs, Nebraska, killing three people execution style and severely wounding a fourth. The crime landed Pope on the FBI Ten Most Wanted list.
• 1967 – Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew.
• 1970 – Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1974 – During Ten Cent Beer Night, inebriated Cleveland Indians fans start a riot, causing the game to be forfeited to the Texas Rangers.
• 1975 – Governor of California Jerry Brown signs the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act into law, the first law in the U.S. giving farmworkers collective bargaining rights.
• 1979 – Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown.
• 1986 – Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.
• 1988 – Three cars on a train carrying hexogen to Kazakhstan explode in Arzamas, Gorky Oblast, USSR, killing 91 and injuring about 1,500.
• 1989 – Ali Khamenei is elected the new Supreme Leader of Islamic republic of Iran by the Assembly of Experts after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
• 1989 – The Tiananmen Square protests are violently ended in Beijing by the People's Liberation Army.
• 1989 – Solidarity's victory in the first (somewhat) free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe, leads to the creation of the so-called Contract Sejm and begins the Autumn of Nations.
• 1989 – Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 575 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.
• 1996 – The first flight of Ariane 5 explodes after roughly 37 seconds. It was a Cluster mission.
• 1998 – Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.
• 2001 – Gyanendra, the last King of Nepal, ascends to the throne after the massacre in the Royal Palace.
• 2004 – Marvin Heemeyer's (eventually suicidal) protest rampage with an improvised bulletproofed bulldozer destroys 13 Granby, Colorado buildings including the town hall.
• 2010 – Falcon 9 Flight 1 was the maiden flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 5th!  Here is todays history!

 

• 70 – Titus and his Roman legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem.
• 1257 – Kraków, Poland receives city rights.
• 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, captures Charles of Salermo.
• 1798 – The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
• 1817 – The first Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched.
• 1829 – HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.
• 1832 – The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis-Philippe.
• 1837 – Houston, Texas is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
• 1849 – Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution.
• 1851 – Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom's Cabin or, Life Among the Lowly starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.
• 1862 – As the Treaty of Saigon is signed, ceding parts of southern Vietnam to France, the guerrilla leader Truong Dinh decides to defy Emperor Tu Duc of Vietnam and fight on against the Europeans.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Piedmont: Union forces under General David Hunter defeat a Confederate army at Piedmont, Virginia, taking nearly 1,000 prisoners.
• 1883 – The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.
• 1888 – The Rio de la Plata Earthquake takes place.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
• 1915 – Denmark amends its constitution to allow women's suffrage.
• 1916 – Louis Brandeis is sworn in as a Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
• 1917 – World War I: Conscription begins in the United States as "Army registration day".
• 1933 – The U.S. Congress abrogates the United States' use of the gold standard by enacting a joint resolution (48 Stat. 112) nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.
• 1941 – Four thousand Chongqing residents are asphyxiated in a bomb shelter during the Bombing of Chongqing.
• 1942 – World War II: United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.
• 1944 – World War II: More than 1000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
• 1945 – The Allied Control Council, the military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
• 1946 – A fire in the La Salle Hotel in Chicago, Illinois kills 61 people.
• 1947 – Marshall Plan: In a speech at Harvard University, United States Secretary of State George Marshall calls for economic aid to war-torn Europe.
• 1949 – Thailand elects Orapin Chaiyakan, the first Thai female member of Thailand's Parliament.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley introduces his new single, "Hound Dog", on The Milton Berle Show, scandalizing the audience with his suggestive hip movements.
• 1959 – The first government of the State of Singapore is sworn in.
• 1963 – British Secretary of State for War John Profumo resigns in a sex scandal known as the Profumo Affair.
• 1963 – Movement of 15 Khordad: Protest against arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In several cities, masses of angry demonstrators are confronted by tanks and paratroopers.
• 1964 – DSV Alvin is commissioned.
• 1967 – Six-Day War begins: The Israeli air force launches simultaneous pre-emptive attacks on the air forces of Egypt and Syria.
• 1968 – U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Kennedy dies the next day.
• 1969 – The International communist conference begins in Moscow.
• 1975 – The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.
• 1975 – The United Kingdom holds its first country-wide referendum, on remaining in the European Economic Community (EEC).
• 1976 – Collapse of the Teton Dam in Idaho, United States.
• 1977 – A coup takes place in Seychelles.
• 1977 – The Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale.
• 1981 – The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that five people in Los Angeles, California have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems, in what turns out to be the first recognized cases of AIDS.
• 1984 – Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi orders an attack on the Golden Temple, the holiest site of the Sikh religion.
• 1989 – The Unknown Rebel halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
• 1993 – Portions of the Holbeck Hall Hotel in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England, fall into the sea following a landslide.
• 1995 – The Bose-Einstein condensate is first created.
• 1998 – A strike begins at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan, that quickly spreads to five other assembly plants (the strike lasted seven weeks).
• 2001 – Tropical Storm Allison makes landfall on the upper-Texas coastline as a strong tropical storm and dumps large amounts of rain over Houston. The storm caused $5.5 billion in damages, making Allison the costliest tropical storm in U.S. history.
• 2003 – A severe heat wave across Pakistan and India reaches its peak, as temperatures exceed 50°C (122°F) in the region.
• 2006 – Serbia declares independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning everyone!  It's June the 6th!  Here is today in history!

 

• 1513 – Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.
• 1523 – Gustav Vasa is crowned king of Sweden. This is the Swedish national day
• 1644 – The Qing Dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor capture Beijing during the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.
• 1654 – Charles X succeeds his abdicated cousin Queen Christina to the Swedish throne.
• 1674 – Shivaji, founder of the Maratha empire, is crowned.
• 1683 – The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England, opens as the world's first university museum.
• 1752 – A devastating fire destroys one-third of Moscow, including 18,000 homes.
• 1808 – Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte is crowned King of Spain.
• 1809 – Sweden promulgates a new Constitution, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates after 20 years of Enlightened absolutism. At the same time, Charles XIII is elected to succeed Gustav IV Adolf as King of Sweden.
• 1813 – War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek – A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force two times its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
• 1822 – Alexis St. Martin accidentally shot in the stomach, which leads way to William Beaumont's studies on digestion.
• 1832 – The June Rebellion of Paris is put down by the National Guard.
• 1833 – U.S. President Andrew Jackson becomes the first President to ride on a train.
• 1844 – The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London.
• 1857 – Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden-Norway.
• 1859 – Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Memphis – Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee, from the Confederates.
• 1882 – More than 100,000 inhabitants of Bombay are killed as a cyclone in the Arabian Sea pushes huge waves into the harbour.
• 1882 – The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.
• 1889 – The Great Seattle fire destroys the entirety of downtown Seattle, Washington.
• 1892 – Chicago 'L' begins operation
• 1894 – Governor Davis H. Waite orders the Colorado state militia to protect and support the miners engaged in the Cripple Creek miners' strike.
• 1909 – French troops capture Abéché (in modern-day Chad) and install a puppet sultan in the Ouaddai Empire.
• 1912 – The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska begins. It is the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.
• 1918 – World War I: Battle of Belleau Wood – The U.S. Marine Corps suffers its worst single day's casualties while attempting to recapture the wood at Chateau-Thierry.
• 1919 – The Republic of Prekmurje ends.
• 1921 – The Southwark Bridge in London, is opened for traffic by King George V and Queen Mary.
• 1932 – The Revenue Act of 1932 is enacted, creating the first gas tax in the United States, at a rate of 1 cent per US gallon (1/4 ¢/L) sold.
• 1933 – The first drive-in theater opens, in Camden, New Jersey, United States.
• 1934 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Act of 1933 into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
• 1939 – Judge Joseph Force Crater, known as the "Missingest Man in New York", is declared legally dead.
• 1942 – World War II: Battle of Midway. U.S. Navy dive bombers sink the Japanese cruiser Mikuma and four Japanese carriers.
• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy begins. D-Day, code named Operation Overlord, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
• 1946 – The National Basketball Association is created, with eleven original teams.
• 1964 – Under a temporary order, the rocket launches at Cuxhaven, Germany, are terminated, though they never resume.
• 1971 – Soyuz program: Soyuz 11 launches.
• 1971 – A midair collision between a Hughes Airwest Douglas DC-9 jetliner and a United States Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II jet fighter near Duarte, California claims 50 lives.
• 1971 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Long Khanh between Australian and Vietnamese communist forces begins.
• 1974 – A new Instrument of Government is promulgated making Sweden a parliamentary monarchy.
• 1981 – Bihar train disaster A passenger train travelling between Mansi and Saharsa, India, jumps the tracks at a bridge crossing the Bagmati river. The government places the official death toll at 268 plus another 300 missing; however, it is generally believed that the actual figure is closer to 1,000 killed.
• 1982 – 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee", eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
• 1984 – Tetris, one of the best-selling video games of all-time, is released.
• 1985 – The grave of "Wolfgang Gerhard" is exhumed in Embu, Brazil; the remains found are later proven to be those of Josef Mengele, Auschwitz's "Angel of Death". Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in February 1979.
• 1993 – Mongolia holds its first direct presidential elections.
• 2002 – Eastern Mediterranean Event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at 10 meters diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The resulting explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb.
• 2004 – Tamil is established as a Classical language by the President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Indian Parliament.
• 2005 – The United States Supreme Court upholds a federal law banning cannabis, including medical marijuana, in Gonzales v. Raich.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 7th, and here is todays history.

 

• 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia. The wedding is celebrated at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
• 1099 – The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins.
• 1420 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patriarchal State of Friuli.
• 1494 – Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries.
• 1628 – The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted the Royal Assent by Charles I and becomes law.
• 1654 – Louis XIV is crowned King of France.
• 1692 – Port Royal, Jamaica, is hit by a catastrophic earthquake; in just three minutes, 1,600 people are killed and 3,000 are seriously injured.
• 1776 – Richard Henry Lee presents the "Lee Resolution" to the Continental Congress. The motion is seconded by John Adams and leads to the United States Declaration of Independence.
• 1800 – David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba.
• 1810 – The newspaper Gazeta de Buenos Ayres is first published in Argentina.
• 1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada.
• 1862 – The United States and the United Kingdom agree to suppress the slave trade.
• 1863 – During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.
• 1866 – 1,800 Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after they loot and plunder around Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg, Quebec.
• 1880 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Arica, assault and capture of Morro de Arica (Arica Cape), that ended the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign).
• 1892 – Benjamin Harrison becomes the first President of the United States to attend a baseball game.
• 1892 – Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the "whites-only" car of a train; he would lose the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson.
• 1893 – Mohandas Gandhi's first act of civil disobedience.
• 1899 – American Temperance crusader Carrie Nation begins her campaign of vandalizing alcohol-serving establishments by destroying the inventory in a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas.
• 1905 – Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden, a vote that is confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year.
• 1906 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania is launched at the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland.
• 1909 – Mary Pickford makes her screen debut at the age of 16.
• 1917 – World War I: Battle of Messines – Allied ammonal mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge are detonated, killing 10,000 German troops.
• 1919 – Sette giugno: Riot in Malta; four are killed.
• 1929 – The Lateran Treaty is ratified, bringing Vatican City into existence.
• 1936 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee, a trade union, is founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Philip Murray is elected its first president.
• 1938 – The Douglas DC-4E makes its first test flight.
• 1940 – King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav, and the Norwegian government leave Tromsø and go into exile in London.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway ends.
• 1942 – World War II: Aleutian Islands Campaign: Japanese soldiers occupy the American islands of Attu and Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska.
• 1944 – World War II: The steamer Danae carrying 350 Cretan Jews and 250 Cretan partisans is sunk without survivors off the shore of Santorini.
• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy – At Abbey Ardennes members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war.
• 1945 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns with his family to Oslo after five years in exile.
• 1948 – Edvard Beneš resigns as President of Czechoslovakia rather than sign the Ninth-of-May Constitution making his nation a Communist state.
• 1955 – Lux Radio Theater signs off the air permanently. The show launched in New York in 1934, and featured radio adaptations of Broadway shows and popular films.
• 1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples.
• 1967 – Israeli forces enter Jerusalem during the Six-Day War.
• 1971 – The United States Supreme Court overturns the conviction of Paul Cohen for disturbing the peace, setting the precedent that vulgar writing is protected under the First Amendment.
• 1971 – The Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Division of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service raids the home of Ken Ballew for illegal possession of hand grenades, which all turn out to be inert or dummies.
• 1975 – The inaugural Cricket World Cup begins in England.
• 1977 – 500 million people watch on television as the high day of Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II begins.
• 1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera. The facility could have been used to make nuclear weapons.
• 1982 – Priscilla Presley opens Graceland to the public; the bathroom where Elvis Presley died five years earlier is kept off-limits.
• 1989 – Surinam Airways Flight 764 crashes on approach to Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport in Suriname due to pilot error, killing 176 of 187 aboard.
• 1991 – Mount Pinatubo explodes generating an ash column 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) high.
• 1995 – The long-range Boeing 777 enters service with United Airlines.
• 1998 – James Byrd, Jr. of Texas is killed when white supremacists drag him behind a pickup truck along an asphalt pavement.
• 2000 – The United Nations defines the Blue Line as the border between Israel and Lebanon.
• 2006 – Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, is killed in an airstrike by the United States Air Force.

 

 

Peace!

[Madelaine McMasters]

Late again...

6-5-2012    Author Ray Bradbury jumps off his very last cliff. Sleeping people around the world report seeing Bradbury soaring through their dreams on sparkling homebuilt electric wings.

 

 

6-7-2019    Twitter shutters its doors, depriving Linden Labs of its only way to communicate with residents.

6-7-2023    Linden Labs is "shocked" to learn that Twitter has gone out of business.

[Hippie Bowman]

---

Madelaine McMasters wrote:

Late again...

6-5-2012    

Author Ray Bradbury jumps off his very last cliff. Sleeping people around the world report seeing Bradbury soaring through their dreams on sparkling homebuilt electric wings.

 

 

6-7-2019    

Twitter shutters its doors, depriving Linden Labs of its only way to communicate with residents.

6-7-2023    

Linden Labs is "shocked" to learn that Twitter has gone out of business.

---

So good Maddy!

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  Today is June the 8th, and here is today in history!

• 68 – The Roman Senate proclaims Galba as emperor.
• 218 – Battle of Antioch: Elagabalus defeats with support of the Syrian legions the forces of emperor Macrinus. He flees, but is captured near Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia.
• 793 – Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of the Scandinavian invasion of England.
• 1191 – Richard I arrives in Acre (Palestine) thus beginning his crusade.
• 1405 – Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, are executed in York on Henry IV's orders.
• 1690 – Siddi general Yadi Sakat, razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Trois-Rivières – American attackers are driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec.
• 1783 – The volcano Laki, in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.
• 1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in the House of Representatives; by 1791, ten of them are ratified by the state legislatures and become the Bill of Rights; another is eventually ratified in 1992 to become the 27th Amendment.
• 1794 – Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.
• 1856 – A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys – Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan.
• 1887 – Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,791 for the 'Art of Applying Statistics' – his punched card calculator.
• 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.
• 1912 – Carl Laemmle incorporates Universal Pictures.
• 1928 – Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Peking, whose name is changed to Beiping ("Northern peace").
• 1941 – World War II: Allies invade Syria and Lebanon.
• 1942 – World War II: Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.
• 1948 – Milton Berle hosts the debut of Texaco Star Theater.
• 1949 – Celebrities Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.
• 1949 – George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is published.
• 1950 – Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Australian-born Field Marshal in Australian history.
• 1953 – Flint-Worcester tornado outbreak sequence: A tornado hits Flint, Michigan, and kills 115.
• 1953 – The United States Supreme Court rules that Washington, D.C. restaurants could not refuse to serve black patrons.
• 1959 – The USS Barbero and United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.
• 1966 – An F-104 Starfighter collides with XB-70 Valkyrie prototype no. 2 destroying both planes during a photo shoot near Edwards Air Force Base. NASA pilot Joseph A. Walker and United States Air Force test pilot Carl Cross are both killed.
• 1966 – Topeka, Kansas is devastated by a tornado that registers as an "F5" on the Fujita Scale: the first to exceed US$100 million in damages. Sixteen people are killed, hundreds more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.
• 1967 – Six-Day War: The USS Liberty incident occurs, killing 34 and wounding 171.
• 1967 – Six-Day War: The Israeli army enters Hebron and the Cave of the Patriarchs.
• 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy's funeral takes place at the Basilica of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City.
• 1972 – Vietnam War: Associated Press photographer Nick Ut takes his Pulitzer Prize-winning photo of a naked 9-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc running down a road after being burned by napalm.
• 1982 – Bluff Cove Air Attacks during the Falklands War: 56 British servicemen are killed by Argentine air attack on two landing ships : RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram.
• 1984 – Homosexuality is declared legal in the Australian state of New South Wales.
• 1987 – New Zealand's Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987
• 1992 – The first World Ocean Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• 1995 – Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.
• 2004 – The first Venus Transit in modern history takes place, the previous one being in 1882.
• 2007 – Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is hit by the State's worst storms and flooding in 30 years resulting in the death of nine people and the grounding of trade ship, the MV Pasha Bulker.
• 2008 – The Akihabara massacre takes place in the Akihabara shopping quarter in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Tomohiro Katō drives a two-ton truck into a crowd before leaving the truck and attacking people with a knife.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning everyone!  Tiday is June the 9th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 411 BC – Coup in Athens succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
• 53 – Roman EmperorNero marries Claudia Octavia.
• 68 – Roman EmperorNero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian Dynasty and starting the civil year known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
• 721 – Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse.
• 1311 – Duccio's MaestàAltarpiece, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in the Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy.
• 1534 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the Saint Lawrence River.
• 1650 – The Harvard Corporation, the more powerful of the two administrative boards of Harvard, is established. It is the first legal corporation in the Americas.
• 1667 – The Raid on the Medway by the Dutchfleet begins. It lasts for five days and results in a decisive victory by the Dutch over the English in the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
• 1732 – James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of the future U.S. state of Georgia.
• 1762 – British forces begin the Siege of Havana and capture the city during the Seven Years' War.
• 1772 – The BritishschoonerGaspée is burned off the coast of Rhode Island.
• 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Arklow and Battle of Saintfield.
• 1815 – End of the Congress of Vienna: the new European political situation is set.
• 1856 – Five hundred Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa and head west for Salt Lake City carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson concludes his successful Shenandoah Valley Campaign with a victory in the Battle of Port Republic; his tactics during the campaign are now studied by militaries around the world.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
• 1873 – Alexandra Palace in London burns down after being open for only 16 days.
• 1885 – A peace treaty is signed to end the Sino-French War, with China eventually giving up Tonkin and Annam - most of present-day Vietnam - to France.
• 1900 – Birsa Munda, an important figure in the Indian independence movement, dies in British prison under mysterious circumstances.
• 1915 – William Jennings Bryan resigns as Woodrow Wilson'sSecretary of State over a disagreement regarding the United States' handling of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
• 1923 – Bulgaria's military takes over the government in a coup.
• 1924 – In the second attempt to climb Mount Everest, George Mallory and Andrew "Sandy" Irvine disappear, possibly having first made it to the top.
• 1928 – Charles Kingsford Smith completes the first trans-Pacific flight in a Fokker Trimotor monoplane, the Southern Cross.
• 1930 – Chicago Tribune reporter Jake Lingle is killed during rush hour at the Illinois Central train station by Leo Vincent Brothers, allegedly over a 100,000 USD gambling debt owed to Al Capone.
• 1934 – Donald Duck makes his debut in The Wise Little Hen.
• 1944 – World War II: 99 civilians are hung from lampposts and balconies by German troops in Tulle, France, in reprisal for maquisards attacks.
• 1944 – World War II: the Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, occupied by Finland since 1941.
• 1946 – King Bhumibol Adulyadej ascends to the throne of Thailand. He is currently the world's longest reigning monarch.
• 1948 – Foundation of the International Council on Archives under the auspices of the UNESCO.
• 1953 – Flint-Worcester tornado outbreak sequence: a tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado hits in Worcester, Massachusetts killing 94.
• 1954 – McCarthyism: Joseph Welch, special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at SenatorJoseph McCarthy during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army giving McCarthy the famous rebuke, "You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?"
• 1958 – Queen Elizabeth II officially opens London Gatwick Airport, (LGW) in Crawley, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
• 1959 – The USS George Washington is launched. It is the first submarine to carry ballistic missiles.
• 1965 – Civilian Prime Minister of South VietnamPhan Huy Quat resigned after being unable to work with a junta led by Nguyen Cao Ky.
• 1967 – Six-Day War: Israel captures the Golan Heights from Syria
• 1968 – U.S. PresidentLyndon B. Johnson declares a national day of mourning following the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
• 1972 – Severe rainfall causes a dam in the Black Hills of South Dakota to burst, creating a flood that kills 238 people and causes $160 million in damage.
• 1973 – Secretariat wins the Triple Crown.
• 1974 – Portugal and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.
• 1978 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opens its priesthood to "all worthy men", ending a 148-year-old policy excluding black men.
• 1979 – The Ghost Train Fire at Luna Park Sydney (New South Wales, Australia) kills seven.
• 1985 – Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped in Lebanon (he will not be released until 1991).
• 1999 – Kosovo War: the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty.
• 2008 – In the town of Lake Delton, Wisconsin, Lake Delton drains as a result of heavy flooding breaking the dam holding the lake back.

 

 

Peace!

[Phil Deakins]

---

Hippie Bowman wrote:

1953

– The coronation of

Queen

Elizabeth II

, who is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories & Head of the Commonwealth, the first major international event to be televised.

---

And I had to sit and watch that - bored as hell.

I had to sit and watch the King's funeral too - equally bored.

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 10th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
• 1539 – Council of Trent: Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had traveling to Venice.
• 1619 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt.
• 1624 – Signing of the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Netherlands.
• 1692 – Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries".
• 1719 – Jacobite Rising: Battle of Glen Shiel.
• 1786 – A landslide dam on the Dadu River created by an earthquake ten days earlier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China.
• 1793 – The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris. A year later, it becomes the first public zoo.
• 1793 – French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
• 1805 – First Barbary War: Yusuf Karamanli signs a treaty ending the hostilities between Tripolitania and the United States.
• 1829 – The first Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place.
• 1838 – Myall Creek Massacre in Australia: 28 Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
• 1854 – The first class of the United States Naval Academystudents graduate.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel. Confederate troops under John B. Magruder defeat a much larger Union force led by General Ebenezer W. Pierce in Virginia.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Brice's Crossroads. Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much largerUnion force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
• 1871 – Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 U.S. Marines in a naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.
• 1878 – League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stephano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Greece.
• 1886 – Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and destroying the famous Pink and White Terraces.
• 1898 – Spanish-American War: U.S. Marines land on the island of Cuba.
• 1918 – The Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István sinks after being torpedoed by an ItalianMAS motorboat.
• 1924 – Fascists kidnap and kill Italian Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
• 1925 – Inaugural service for the United Church of Canada, a union of Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregationalist churches, held in the Toronto Arena.
• 1935 – Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and Bill Wilson.
• 1935 – Chaco War ends: a truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay who had been fighting since 1932.
• 1936 – The Russian animation studio Soyuzmultfilm is founded.
• 1940 – World War II: U.S. PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions with his "Stab in the Back" speech at the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
• 1940 – World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces.
• 1942 – World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
• 1944 – World War II: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.
• 1944 – World War II: In Distomo, Boeotia Prefecture, Greece 218 men, women and children are massacred by German troops.
• 1944 – In baseball, 15-year old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.
• 1945 – Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
• 1947 – Saab produces its first automobile.
• 1957 – John Diefenbaker leads the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to a stunning upset in the Canadian federal election, 1957, ending 22 years of Liberal Party rule.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Dong Xoai begins.
• 1967 – The Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.
• 1967 – Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Conventioncopyrighttreaty.
• 1977 – James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is recaptured on June 13.
• 1977 – Apple ships its first Apple II personal computer.
• 1980 – The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
• 1991 – The kidnapping of Jaycee Lee Dugard
• 1996 – Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without the participation of Sinn Féin.
• 1997 – Before fleeing his northern stronghold, Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members.
• 1999 – Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.
• 2001 – Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon's first female saint, Saint Rafqa.
• 2002 – The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.
• 2003 – The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.

 

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 11th!  Here is today in history.

 

• 1184 BC – Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned, according to calculations by Eratosthenes.
• 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain".
• 631 – Emperor Taizong of Tang, the Emperor of China, sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of enslaved Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang from the northern frontier; this embassy succeeded in freeing 80,000 Chinese men and women who were then returned to China.
• 1345 – The megas doux Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire, is lynched by political prisoners.
• 1429 – Hundred Years' War: start of the Battle of Jargeau.
• 1509 – Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.
• 1594 – Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines).
• 1770 – Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.
• 1775 – The American Revolutionary War's first naval engagement, the Battle of Machias, results in the capture of a small British naval vessel.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston to the Committee of Five to draft a declaration of independence.
• 1788 – Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska.
• 1805 – A fire consumes large portions of Detroit in the Michigan Territory.
• 1825 – The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City.
• 1837 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish.
• 1865 – The Naval Battle of Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War.
• 1892 – The Limelight Department, one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia.
• 1898 – Spanish-American War: U.S. war ships set sail for Cuba.
• 1898 – The Hundred Days' Reform is started by Guangxu Emperor with a plan to change social, political and educational institutions in China, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. The failed reform though led to the abolition of Imperial Examination in 1905.
• 1901 – New Zealand annexes the Cook Islands.
• 1903 – Group of Serbian officers stormed royal palace and assassinated King Alexander Obrenović and his wife queen Draga.
• 1907 – George Dennett, aided by Gilbert Jessop, dismisses Northamptonshire for 12 runs, the lowest total in first-class cricket.
• 1917 – King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father Constantine I abdicates under pressure by allied armies occupying Athens.
• 1919 – Sir Barton wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the first horse to win the Triple Crown.
• 1920 – During the U.S. Republican National Convention in Chicago, U.S. Republican Party leaders gathered in a room at the Blackstone Hotel to come to a consensus on their candidate for the U.S. presidential election, leading the Associated Press to first coin the political phrase "smoke-filled room".
• 1935 – Inventor Edwin Armstrong gives the first public demonstration of FM broadcasting in the United States at Alpine, New Jersey.
• 1936 – The International Surrealist Exhibition opens in London, England.
• 1937 – Great Purge: The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin executes eight army leaders.
• 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Wuhan starts.
• 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. 500,000 to 900,000 civilians are killed.
• 1942 – World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.
• 1944 – USS Missouri (BB-63) the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is commissioned.
• 1955 – Eighty-three are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports.
• 1956 – Start of Gal Oya riots, the first reported ethnic riots that target minority Sri Lankan Tamils in the Eastern Province. The total number of deaths is reportedly 150.
• 1962 – Frank Morris, John Anglin and Clarence Anglin allegedly become the only prisoners to escape from the prison on Alcatraz Island.
• 1963 – American Civil Rights Movement: Alabama Governor George Wallace stands at the door of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in an attempt to block two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending that school. Later in the day, accompanied by federalized National Guard troops, they are able to register.
• 1963 – Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc burns himself with gasoline in a busy Saigon intersection to protest the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam.
• 1964 – World War II veteran Walter Seifert runs amok in an elementary school in Cologne, Germany, killing at least eight children and two teachers and seriously injuring several more with a home-made flamethrower and a lance.
• 1970 – After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army Generals, becoming the first females to do so.
• 1972 – The Eltham Well Hall rail crash, caused by an intoxicated train driver, kills six people and injures 126.
• 1978 – Altaf Hussain founds the students' political movement All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation (APMSO) in Karachi University.
• 1981 – A Richter Scale 6.9 magnitude earthquake at Golbaf, Iran, kills at least 2,000.
• 1982 – The Sentosa Musical Fountain was officially opened as part of the second phase of construction on the island of Sentosa, Singapore.
• 1998 – Compaq Computer pays $9 billion for Digital Equipment Corporation in the largest high-tech acquisition.
• 2001 – Timothy McVeigh is executed for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.
• 2002 – Antonio Meucci is acknowledged as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress.
• 2004 – Cassini-Huygens makes its closest flyby of the Saturn moon Phoebe.
• 2007 – Mudslides in Chittagong, Bangladesh, kill 130 people.
• 2008 – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper makes an historic official apology to Canada's First Nations in regard to a residential school abuse in which children are isolated from their homes, families and cultures for a century.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  Its June the 12th.  Here is todays history lesson!

 

• 1381 – Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
• 1418 – An insurrection delivers Paris to the Burgundians.
• 1429 – Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk in the second day of the Battle of Jargeau.
• 1560 – Battle of Okehazama: Oda Nobunaga defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto.
• 1653 – First Anglo-Dutch War: the Battle of the Gabbard begins and lasts until June 13.
• 1665 – England installs a municipal government in New York City (the former Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam).
• 1758 – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg – James Wolfe's attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia commences.
• 1775 – American Revolution: British general Thomas Gage declares martial law in Massachusetts. The British offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. There would be only two exceptions to the amnesty: Samuel Adams and John Hancock, if captured, were to be hanged.
• 1776 – The Virginia Declaration of Rights is adopted.
• 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Ballynahinch.
• 1860 – The State Bank of the Russian Empire is established.
• 1864 – American Civil War, Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor – Ulysses S. Grant gives the Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee a victory when he pulls his Union troops from their positions at Cold Harbor, Virginia and moves south.
• 1889 – 78 are killed in the Armagh rail disaster near Armagh in what is now Northern Ireland.
• 1898 – Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain.
• 1899 – New Richmond Tornado: the eighth deadliest tornado in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
• 1922 – At Windsor Castle, King George V receives the colours of the six Irish regiments that are to be disbanded – the Royal Irish Regiment, the Connaught Rangers, the South Irish Horse, the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment, the Royal Munster Fusiliers and the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.
• 1939 – Shooting begins on Paramount Pictures' Dr. Cyclops, the first horror film photographed in three-strip Technicolor.
• 1939 – The Baseball Hall of Fame opens in Cooperstown, New York.
• 1940 – World War II: 13,000 British and French troops surrender to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.
• 1942 – Holocaust: Anne Frank receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday.
• 1943 – Holocaust: Germany liquidates the Jewish Ghetto in Berezhany, western Ukraine. 1,180 Jews are led to the city's old Jewish graveyard and shot.
• 1944 – American paratroopers of the 101st Airborne Division secure the town of Carentan.
• 1954 – Pope Pius XII canonises Dominic Savio, who was 14 years old at the time of his death, as a saint, making him the youngest non-martyr saint in the Roman Catholic Church.
• 1963 – Civil rights leader Medgar Evers is murdered in front of his home in Jackson, Mississippi by Ku Klux Klan member Byron De La Beckwith.
• 1964 – Anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in South Africa.
• 1967 – The United States Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia declares all U.S. state laws which prohibit interracial marriage to be unconstitutional.
• 1967 – Venera program: Venera 4 is launched (it will become the first space probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and successfully return data).
• 1978 – David Berkowitz, the "Son of Sam" killer in New York City, is sentenced to 365 years in prison for six killings.
• 1979 – Bryan Allen wins the second Kremer prize for a man powered flight across the English Channel in the Gossamer Albatross.
• 1987 – The Central African Republic's former Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa is sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.
• 1987 – Cold War: At the Brandenburg Gate U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly challenges Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
• 1990 – Russia Day – the parliament of the Russian Federation formally declares its sovereignty.
• 1991 – Russians elect Boris Yeltsin as the president of the republic.
• 1991 – 1991 Kokkadichcholai massacre: the Sri Lankan Army massacres 152 minority Tamil civilians in the village Kokkadichcholai near the eastern province town of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.
• 1993 – An election takes place in Nigeria which and is later annulled by the military Government led by Ibrahim Babangida.
• 1994 – Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman are murdered outside her home in Los Angeles, California. O.J. Simpson is later acquitted of the killings, but is held liable in wrongful death civil suit.
• 1994 – The Boeing 777, the world's largest twinjet, makes its first flight.
• 1996 – In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a panel of federal judges blocks a law against indecency on the internet.
• 1997 – Queen Elizabeth II reopens the Globe Theatre in London.
• 1999 – Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian begins when a NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping force (KFor) enters the province of Kosovo in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
• 2000 – Sandro Rosa do Nascimento takes hostages while robbing Bus #174 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the highly-publicized standoff becomes a media circus and ends with the death of do Nascimento and a hostage.
• 2001 – Robert Edward Dyer is sentenced to 16 years' imprisonment for attempting to extort money from a British supermarket chain through a letter bomb campaign.
• 2009 – A disputed presidential election in Iran leads to wide ranging protests in Iran and around the world.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning!  Today is June 13th!  Here is today in history.

 

• 313 – The Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, is posted in Nicomedia.
• 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
• 1373 – Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which is still in force.
• 1525 – Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns.
• 1625 – King Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France, Princess of France
• 1645 – Miyamoto Musashi passes away in Reigando, the cave in which he wrote the Book of Five Rings.
• 1774 – Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.
• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.
• 1805 – Lewis and Clark Expedition: scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River.
• 1881 – The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
• 1886 – A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.
• 1886 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria is found dead in Lake Starnberg south of Munich at 11:30 PM.
• 1893 – Grover Cleveland undergoes secret, successful surgery to remove a large, cancerous portion of his jaw; operation not revealed to US public until 1917, nine years after the president's death.
• 1898 – Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
• 1910 – The University of the Philippines College of Engineering is established. This unit of the university is said to be the largest degree granting unit in the Philippines.
• 1917 – World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.
• 1927 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a ticker-tape parade down 5th Avenue in New York City.
• 1934 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet in Venice, Italy; Mussolini later describes the German dictator as "a silly little monkey".
• 1944 – World War II: German combat elements - reinforced by the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division - launch a counterattack on American forces near Carentan.
• 1944 – World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets.
• 1952 – Catalina affair: a Swedish Douglas DC-3 is shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 fighter.
• 1955 – Mir Mine, the first diamond mine in the USSR, is discovered.
• 1966 – The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.
• 1967 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
• 1969 – Governor of Texas Preston Smith signs a bill into law converting the former Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, originally founded as a research arm of Texas Instruments, into the University of Texas at Dallas.
• 1970 – "The Long and Winding Road" becomes the Beatles' last Number 1 song.
• 1971 – Vietnam War: The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers.
• 1977 – Convicted Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray is recaptured after escaping from prison three days before.
• 1978 – Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon.
• 1981 – At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, a teenager, Marcus Sarjeant, fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.
• 1982 – Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.
• 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the central Solar System when it passes beyond the orbit of Neptune (the furthest planet from the Sun at the time).
• 1994 – A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazelwood for the Exxon Valdez disaster, allowing victims of the oil spill to seek $15 billion in damages.

• 1996 – The Montana Freemen surrender after an 81-day standoff with FBI agents.
• 1997 – A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
• 1997 – Uphaar cinema fire, in New Delhi, India, killed 59 people, and over 100 people injured.
• 2000 – President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.
• 2000 – Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish gunman who tried to kill Pope John Paul II in 1981.
• 2002 – The United States withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
• 2002 – Two 14-year-old South Korean girls are struck and killed by a United States Army armored vehicle, leading to months of public protests against the US.
• 2005 – A jury in Santa Maria, California acquits pop singer Michael Jackson of molesting 13-year-old Gavin Arvizo at his Neverland Ranch.
• 2007 – The Al Askari Mosque is bombed for a second time.
• 2010 – A capsule of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa, containing particles of the asteroid 25143 Itokawa, returns to Earth.

 

 

Peace!

 

[Madelaine McMasters]

6-12-2012    One day after Al Queda released a video showing its dead second-in-command, Abu Yahya al-Libi, Elvis Presley released his cover of Fiona Apple's "Extraordinary Machine". Over the next few years, hundreds of YouTube videos would be released by formerly dead people. The "Zombie Video" craze would reach its zenith with with the Judy Garland/Kurt Cobain cover of "Let's Call The Whole Thing Off" in 2013 and its nadir with Richard Nixon's audio book "Oh, The Places You'll Go" by Dr. Seuss in 2015.

[Hippie Bowman]

---

Madelaine McMasters wrote:

6-12-2012    

One day after Al Queda released a video showing its dead second-in-command, Abu Yahya al-Libi, Elvis Presley released his cover of Fiona Apple's "Extraordinary Machine". Over the next few years, hundreds of YouTube videos would be released by formerly dead people. The "Zombie Video" craze would reach its zenith with with the Judy Garland/Kurt Cobain cover of "Let's Call The Whole Thing Off" in 2013 and its nadir with Richard Nixon's audio book "Oh, The Places You'll Go" by Dr. Seuss in 2015.

---

LOL!

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 14th!  Here is today in history!

 

• 1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.
• 1285 – Forces led by Prince Tran Quang Khai of Vietnam's Tran Dynasty destroys most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.
• 1287 – Kublai Khan defeated the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.
• 1381 – Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
• 1645 – English Civil War: Battle of Naseby – 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
• 1648 – Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts colony.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.
• 1777 – The Stars and Stripes is adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States.
• 1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,600 mi) journey in an open boat.
• 1789 – Whiskey distilled from maize is first produced by American clergyman the Rev Elijah Craig. It is named Bourbon because Rev Craig lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
• 1800 – The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.
• 1807 – Emperor Napoleon I's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
• 1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.
• 1822 – Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables".
• 1830 – Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: 34,000 French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.
• 1839 – Henley Royal Regatta: the village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first Regatta.
• 1846 – Bear Flag Revolt begins – Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester – a Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
• 1863 – Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
• 1872 – Trade unions are legalised in Canada.
• 1900 – Hawaii becomes a United States territory.
• 1900 – The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.
• 1907 – Norway adopts female suffrage.
• 1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
• 1926 – Brazil leaves the League of Nations
• 1937 – Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
• 1937 – U.S. House of Representatives passes the Marihuana Tax Act.
• 1940 – World War II: Paris falls under German occupation, and Allied forces retreat.
• 1940 – The Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Lithuania resulting in Lithuanian loss of independence.
• 1940 – A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first residents of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
• 1941 – June deportation, the first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, begins.
• 1944 – World War II: After several failed attempts, the British Army abandons Operation Perch, its plan to capture the German-occupied town of Caen.
• 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 15th, 66th and 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL was completed and they liberating the captured in Ilocos Sur start the Battle of Bessang Pass in Northern Luzon.
• 1947 – Roswell UFO incident A supposed UFO crash lands in Roswell, New Mexico
• 1951 – UNIVAC I is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau.
• 1952 – The keel is laid for the nuclear submarine USS Nautilus.
• 1954 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words "under God" into the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance.
• 1955 – Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
• 1959 – Disneyland Monorail System, the first daily operating monorail system in the Western Hemisphere, opens to the public in Anaheim, California.
• 1959 – A group of Dominican exiles depart from Cuba and land in the Dominican Republic with the intent of overthrowing the totalitarian government of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina. Save for four of them, all are killed and/or executed.
• 1962 – The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency.
• 1965 – Nguyen Cao Ky became Prime Minister of South Vietnam at the head of a military junta; General Nguyen Van Thieu became the figurehead chief of state.
• 1966 – The Vatican announces the abolition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (index of prohibited books), which was originally instituted in 1557.
• 1967 – Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.
• 1982 – The Falklands War ends: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley unconditionally surrender to British forces.
• 1985 – TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece.
• 1994 – The 1994 Stanley Cup riot occurs after the New York Rangers win the Stanley Cup from Vancouver, causing an estimated C$1.1 million, thus forcing 200 arrests and injuries. One person is also left with permanent brain damage.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  Its June the 15th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
• 923 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.
• 1184 – King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the Battle of Fimreite.
• 1215 – King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta.
• 1219 – Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia. According to legend, this battle also marks the first use of the Dannebrog, the world's first national flag still in use, as the national flag of Denmark.
• 1246 – With the death of Duke Frederick II, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.
• 1389 – Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
• 1520 – Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicateMartin Luther in papal bull Exsurge Domine.
• 1580 – Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.
• 1667 – The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.
• 1752 – Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
• 1776 – Delaware Separation Day – Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.
• 1785 – Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, co-pilot of the first-ever manned flight (1783), and his companion, Pierre Romain, become the first-evercasualties of an air crash when their hot air balloon explodes during their attempt to cross the English Channel.
• 1804 – New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.
• 1808 – Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.
• 1836 – Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.
• 1844 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
• 1846 – The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
• 1859 – Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between United States and British/Canadian settlers.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.
• 1864 – Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of WarEdwin M. Stanton.
• 1867 – Atlantic Cable Quartz Lodegold mine located in Montana.
• 1877 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
• 1888 – Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire.
• 1896 – The deadliest tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.
• 1904 – A fire aboard the steamboat SS General Slocum in New York City's East River kills 1,000.
• 1905 – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustaf, Crown Prince of Sweden.
• 1909 – Representatives from England, Australia and South Africa meet at Lord's and form the Imperial Cricket Conference.
• 1913 – The Battle of Bud Bagsak in the Philippines ends.
• 1916 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.
• 1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.
• 1920 – Duluth lynchings in Minnesota.
• 1920 – A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.
• 1934 – The U.S. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.
• 1937 – A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
• 1940 – World War II: Operation Ariel begins – Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.
• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.
• 1944 – In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.
• 1945 – The General Dutch Youth League (ANJV) is founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• 1954 – UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is formed in Basel, Switzerland.
• 1978 – King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.
• 1985 – Rembrandt's painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.
• 1991 – In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century. In the end, over 800 people die.
• 1992 – The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.
• 1994 – Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.
• 1996 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army explodes a large bomb in the middle of Manchester, England.
• 2002 – Near-Earth asteroid2002 MN misses the Earth by 75,000 miles (121,000 km), about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

 

 

Peace!

[Hippie Bowman]

Good morning all!  It's June the 16th.  Here is today in history!

 

• 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal Roman forces suffering several attacks from the Persians.
• 1487 – Battle of Stoke Field, the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses.
• 1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor.
• 1745 – British troops take Cape Breton Island, which is now part of Nova Scotia, Canada.
• 1745 – Sir William Pepperell captures the FrenchFortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, Nova Scotia during the War of the Austrian Succession.
• 1746 – War of Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza.
• 1755 – French and Indian War: the French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.
• 1774 – Foundation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.
• 1779 – Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.
• 1795 – First Battle of Groix otherwise known as "Cornwallis' Retreat".
• 1815 – Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo.
• 1816 – Lord Byron reads Fantasmagoriana to his four house guests at the Villa Diodati, Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, Claire Clairmont, and John Polidori, and inspires his challenge that each guest write a ghost story, which culminated in Mary Shelley writing the novel Frankenstein, John Polidori writing the short story The Vampyre, and Byron writing the poem Darkness.
• 1836 – The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement.
• 1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 concludes. Pope Pius IX is elected Pope beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy (not counting St. Peter).
• 1858 – Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.
• 1858 – The Battle of Morar takes place during the Indian Mutiny.
• 1871 – The University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).
• 1883 – The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England kills 183 children.
• 1891 – John Abbott becomes Canada's third Prime Minister.
• 1897 – A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later.
• 1903 – The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.
• 1903 – Roald Amundsen commences the first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage, leaving Oslo, Norway.
• 1904 – Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolai Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.
• 1904 – Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday".
• 1911 – IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York.
• 1911 – A 772 gram stony meteorite strikes the earth near Kilbourn, Wisconsin damaging a barn.
• 1915 – Foundation of the British Women's Institute.
• 1922 – General election in the Irish Free State: the pro-Treaty Sinn Féin win a large majority.
• 1924 – The Whampoa Military Academy is founded.
• 1925 – The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.
• 1930 – Sovnarkom establishes decree time in the USSR.
• 1933 – The National Industrial Recovery Act is passed.
• 1940 – World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français).
• 1940 – A Communist government is installed in Lithuania.
• 1958 – Imre Nagy, Pál Maléter and other leaders of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising are executed.
• 1961 – Rudolf Nureyev defects from the Soviet Union.
• 1963 – Soviet Space Program: Vostok 6 Mission – CosmonautValentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.
• 1967 – The Monterey Pop Festival begins
• 1972 – Red Army Faction member Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.
• 1972 – The largest single-site hydro-electric power project in Canada is inaugurated at Churchill Falls, Labrador.
• 1976 – Soweto uprising: a non-violent march by 15,000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd.
• 1977 – Oracle Corporation is incorporated in Redwood Shores, California, as Software Development Laboratories (SDL) by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates.
• 1989 – Imre Nagy, the former HungarianPrime Minister, is reburied in Budapest.
• 1997 – The Dairat Labguer massacre in Algeria; 50 people are killed.
• 2000 – Israel complies with UN Security Council Resolution 425 22 years after its issuance, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel withdraws from all of Lebanon, except the disputed Shebaa Farms.

 

 

Peace!

[Madelaine McMasters]

6-16-2012   Just hours after Nik Wallenda sailed past Canadian border guards, stating "inspiring people" as his profession, Walmart stores noted a spike in rope sales to illegal immigrants over the age of 30.

[Hippie Bowman]

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Madelaine McMasters wrote:

6-16-2012

  Just hours after Nik Wallenda sailed past Canadian border guards, stating "inspiring people" as his profession, Walmart stores noted a spike in rope sales to illegal immigrants over the age of 30.

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LOL Maddy!

 

Peace!