What it really boils down to is that much of second life is mathematics based, as is much of the world around you in real life as well. Everything from building to scripting in second life uses mathematics, even the point at which you stand is a number that can be taken, manipulated, and output however you wish. I think the only limits to mathematics is with the functions and operators we can use, and really those 'limits' aren't very limited at all. We can add, subtract, multiply, divide, and even use more complex functions like and, or, xor. We can apply these mathematics to everything from color to prim size to simple calculations and outputs. Basically, if you can think it, it can be done! I have seen everything from Group theory to Order theory (linked parts), Combinatronics, Geometry, Trigenometry, Topology of course is a huge part of second life, Measurement theory alongside it, I could go on and on.